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	<title>正通投資團隊 - 投資台股的專家 &#187; 超額報酬</title>
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	<link>http://www.twd2u.com</link>
	<description>以巴菲特的價值投資法為主軸，並透過財務金融的專業知識進行套利加值，守護您的寶貴資產</description>
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		<title>關於巴菲特 (一)</title>
		<link>http://www.twd2u.com/141-40-55.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.twd2u.com/141-40-55.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Sep 2008 19:40:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>austin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[關於巴菲特]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Berkshire]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Buffett]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[好公司]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[巴菲特]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[投資報酬率]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[波克夏]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[複利]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[財富管家]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[超額報酬]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[下表是1965年～2007年波克夏(Berkshire Hathaway)公司的淨值成長率 VS. S&#38;P 500指數報酬率，其中波克夏的淨值成長率是稅後數字，S&#38;P 500指數報酬率則是稅前數字。
乍看之下或許並不令人訝異，但... ]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>下表是1965年～2007年波克夏(Berkshire Hathaway)公司的淨值成長率 VS. S&amp;P 500指數報酬率，其中波克夏的淨值成長率是稅後數字，S&amp;P 500指數報酬率則是稅前數字。</p>
<p>乍看之下或許並不令人訝異，但是如果我們將這些數據整理彙總後，相信你會大吃一驚。</p>
<p><span id="more-141"></span></p>
<table style="width: 449pt; border-collapse: collapse;" border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0" width="599">
<colgroup span="1">
<col style="width: 51pt; mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 2176;" span="1" width="68"></col>
<col style="width: 54pt; mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 2304;" span="1" width="72"></col>
<col style="width: 60pt; mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 2560;" span="1" width="80"></col>
<col style="width: 54pt; mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 2304;" span="1" width="72"></col>
<col style="width: 8pt; mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 352;" span="1" width="11"></col>
<col style="width: 55pt; mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 2336;" span="1" width="73"></col>
<col style="width: 54pt;" span="1" width="72"></col>
<col style="width: 59pt; mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 2528;" span="1" width="79"></col>
<col style="width: 54pt;" span="1" width="72"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl65" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; width: 51pt; border-bottom: black 0.5pt solid; height: 56.85pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" rowspan="3" width="68" height="75"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">年份</span></td>
<td class="xl72" style="border-right: #ece9d8; border-top: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext; width: 54pt; border-bottom: #ece9d8; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" width="72"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">波克夏每</span></td>
<td class="xl66" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; width: 60pt; border-bottom: #ece9d8; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" width="80"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">S&amp;P 500</span></td>
<td class="xl66" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; width: 54pt; border-bottom: black 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" rowspan="3" width="72"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">超額報酬</span>(%)</td>
<td style="width: 8pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;" width="11"> </td>
<td class="xl65" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; width: 55pt; border-bottom: black 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" rowspan="3" width="73"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">年份</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext; width: 54pt; border-bottom: #ece9d8; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" width="72"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">波克夏每</span></td>
<td class="xl65" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext; width: 59pt; border-bottom: #ece9d8; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" width="79"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">S&amp;P 500</span></td>
<td class="xl66" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; width: 54pt; border-bottom: black 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" rowspan="3" width="72"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">超額報酬</span>(%)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 18pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="24">
<td class="xl73" style="border-right: #ece9d8; border-top: #ece9d8; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: #ece9d8; height: 18pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="24"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">股淨值成</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: #ece9d8; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">指數</span></td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: #ece9d8; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">股淨值成</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: #ece9d8; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">指數</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 18.75pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="25">
<td class="xl74" style="border-right: #ece9d8; border-top: #ece9d8; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 18.75pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="25"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">長率(%)</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">報酬率(%)</span></td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl67" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">長率(%)</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">報酬率(%)</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1965</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">23.8 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">10.0 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">13.8 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1987</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">19.5 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">5.1 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">14.4 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1966</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">20.3 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; color: #ff0000; font-family: 新細明體; mso-ignore: color;">-11.7 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">32.0 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1988</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">20.1 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">16.6 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">3.5 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1967</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">11.0 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">30.9 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; color: #ff0000; font-family: 新細明體; mso-ignore: color;">-19.9 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1989</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">44.4 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">31.7 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">12.7 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1968</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">19.0 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">11.0 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">8.0 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1990</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">7.4 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; color: #ff0000; font-family: 新細明體; mso-ignore: color;">-3.1 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">10.5 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1969</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">16.2 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; color: #ff0000; font-family: 新細明體; mso-ignore: color;">-8.4 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">24.6 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1991</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">39.6 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">30.5 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">9.1 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1970</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">12.0 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">3.9 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">8.1 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1992</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">20.3 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">7.6 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">12.7 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1971</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">16.4 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">14.6 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1.8 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1993</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">14.3 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">10.1 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">4.2 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1972</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">21.7 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">18.9 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">2.8 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1994</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">13.9 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1.3 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">12.6 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1973</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">4.7 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; color: #ff0000; font-family: 新細明體; mso-ignore: color;">-14.8 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">19.5 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1995</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">43.1 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">37.6 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">5.5 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1974</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">5.5 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; color: #ff0000; font-family: 新細明體; mso-ignore: color;">-26.4 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">31.9 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1996</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">31.8 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">23.0 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">8.8 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1975</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">21.9 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">37.2 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; color: #ff0000; font-family: 新細明體; mso-ignore: color;">-15.3 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1997</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">34.1 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">33.4 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">0.7 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1976</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">59.3 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">23.6 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">35.7 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1998</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">48.3 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">28.6 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">19.7 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1977</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">31.9 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; color: #ff0000; font-family: 新細明體; mso-ignore: color;">-7.4 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">39.3 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1999</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">0.5 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">21.0 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; color: #ff0000; font-family: 新細明體; mso-ignore: color;">-20.5 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1978</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">24.0 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">6.4 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">17.6 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">2000</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">6.5 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; color: #ff0000; font-family: 新細明體; mso-ignore: color;">-9.1 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">15.6 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1979</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">35.7 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">18.2 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">17.5 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">2001</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; color: #ff0000; font-family: 新細明體; mso-ignore: color;">-6.2 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; color: #ff0000; font-family: 新細明體; mso-ignore: color;">-11.9 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">5.7 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1980</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">19.3 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">32.3 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; color: #ff0000; font-family: 新細明體; mso-ignore: color;">-13.0 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">2002</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">10.0 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; color: #ff0000; font-family: 新細明體; mso-ignore: color;">-22.1 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">32.1 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1981</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">31.4 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; color: #ff0000; font-family: 新細明體; mso-ignore: color;">-5.0 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">36.4 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">2003</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">21.0 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">28.7 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; color: #ff0000; font-family: 新細明體; mso-ignore: color;">-7.7 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1982</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">40.0 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">21.4 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">18.6 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">2004</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">10.5 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">10.9 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; color: #ff0000; font-family: 新細明體; mso-ignore: color;">-0.4 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1983</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">32.3 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">22.4 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">9.9 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">2005</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">6.4 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">4.9 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1.5 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1984</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">13.6 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">6.1 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">7.5 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">2006</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">18.4 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">15.8 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">2.6 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1985</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">48.2 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">31.6 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">16.6 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">2007</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">11.0 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">5.5 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">5.5 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1986</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">26.1 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">18.6 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">7.5 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>下表是年化複利報酬率與累積報酬率的彙整：</p>
<p>(註:超額報酬是波克夏的年化複利報酬率 &#8211; S&amp;P 500指數年化複利報酬率)</p>
<table style="width: 395pt; border-collapse: collapse;" border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0" width="527">
<colgroup span="1">
<col style="width: 51pt; mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 2176;" span="1" width="68"></col>
<col style="width: 54pt; mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 2304;" span="1" width="72"></col>
<col style="width: 60pt; mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 2560;" span="1" width="80"></col>
<col style="width: 54pt; mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 2304;" span="1" width="72"></col>
<col style="width: 8pt; mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 352;" span="1" width="11"></col>
<col style="width: 55pt; mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 2336;" span="1" width="73"></col>
<col style="width: 54pt;" span="1" width="72"></col>
<col style="width: 59pt; mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 2528;" span="1" width="79"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl66" style="width: 219pt; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; border: windowtext 0.5pt solid;" colspan="4" width="292" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">　</span></td>
<td class="xl66" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext; width: 63pt; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" colspan="2" width="84"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">波克夏</span></td>
<td class="xl66" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext; width: 54pt; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" width="72"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">S&amp;P 500</span></td>
<td class="xl66" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext; width: 59pt; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" width="79"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">超額報酬</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl66" style="height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; border: windowtext 0.5pt solid;" colspan="4" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1965～2007的年化複利報酬率</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" colspan="2"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">21.1%</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">10.3%</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">10.8%</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl66" style="height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; border: windowtext 0.5pt solid;" colspan="4" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1964～2007的累積報酬率</span></td>
<td class="xl68" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" colspan="2"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">400863%</span></td>
<td class="xl68" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">6840%</span></td>
<td class="xl66" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">　</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>從過去的43年以來，若從淨值成長率來看波克夏，該公司的平均年化複利報酬率是21.1％，單看21.1%這個數字或許沒有很驚人，但是請注意，這43年以來，每年都是如此的話，就很驚人了，因為這代表的是&#8230;.如果你在1965年投資波克夏公司一萬元新台幣(TWD)，到了2007年底之際，你將擁有超過3760萬的財富，如果你是1964年波克夏的原始投資人，那麼現在已經擁有4008萬的財富了。</p>
<p>單從這二張表我們可以做出以下幾點結論：</p>
<p><strong><span style="color: #800000;">橫財 VS. 恆財：</span></strong>投資股票、基金要獲得20%以上的投資報酬率並不困難，甚至在景氣大好的年代時，30%以上的投資報酬率也並非難事，如果投資的商品是衍生性金融商品，例如權證、選擇權、期貨&#8230;.等，倍數以上的投資報酬率更常見！但是&#8230;有哪位投資人能長期都賺取這種<span style="color: #008000;">橫財</span>呢？世界上沒有任何一個投資人能做到長期維持高報酬率，而且世界上只有一個人，能在43年這麼長的時間中，維持年化複利報酬率21.1%的成績，那個人就是華倫 巴菲特(Warren E. Buffett)，他不賺<span style="color: #008000;">橫財</span>，他只賺<span style="color: #ff0000;">恆財</span>。</p>
<p><strong><span style="color: #800000;">複利的效果：</span></strong>波克夏平均年化複利報酬率21.1%看似不驚人，但是(1+21.1%)的43次方，其值是3760，它所代表的是&#8230;每年維持21.1%的投資報酬率，經過43年後會使得財富翻上3760倍。我們舉個簡單的例子來說明複利的威力！假設你現在30歲，每年只要投資10萬元，而年投資報酬率都維持在21.1%，那麼經過20年後，你所累積的財富將達到2584萬元。這筆財富可以讓你在50歲就提前退休，除了退休後維持一般生活開銷外，還可以支付一對兒女大學、研究所的相關費用，並且讓你每年都可以跟另一半出國旅遊。</p>
<p><strong><span style="color: #800000;">做對一件事：</span></strong>投資其實可以很簡單，只要你做對一件事。如果一家好公司能維持43年平均報酬率達到21.1%，你投資這家公司<span style="color: #000080;"><strong>10萬元</strong></span>後，不需要再投入任何資金，43年後你將擁有<span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>3億7千6百萬元</strong></span>，這足以讓你成為億萬富翁！當然，講起來是很容易，但是做起來卻是非常困難，因為好公司難找之外，未來要保持43年良好績效的公司更難找。選擇投資標的既然很困難，換個角度來思考的話&#8230;.選對人是不是簡單些？各位可以幻想一下，43年前如果你選擇巴菲特幫你管理財富，現如今是否可以愜意享受生活？2007年美國五百大富豪中，就有幾位名不見經傳的富豪，他們畢生在投資上只做對一件事，那就是選擇巴菲特幫他們找尋好公司！(正通投資團對最大的目標，就是希望客戶在多年以後，能夠因為他們當初選對了財富管家而驕傲！)</p>
<p>巴菲特之所以被尊稱為股神 (20世紀最偉大的投資人)，就在於他能夠長時間維持穩定的報酬率。看完了這些，後續我們將逐一介紹<strong>巴菲特的生平</strong>、<strong>巴菲特的投資法則(巴菲特投資原則)</strong>、歷年來巴菲特與波克夏的重大事蹟及<strong>巴菲特名言</strong>，請繼續閱讀本次的系列文章。</p>
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		<title>投資的第二堂課-認識報酬率</title>
		<link>http://www.twd2u.com/125-06-02.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.twd2u.com/125-06-02.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 23 Sep 2008 06:06:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>austin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[風險與報酬]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ETF]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[XIRR]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[保本型]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[巴菲特]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[投資報酬率]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[投資組合]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[指數型基金]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[波克夏]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[結構型商品]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[結構式商品]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[複利]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[超額報酬]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[避險基金]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[風險]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[高收益]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.twd2u.com/?p=125</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[一般投資人對於投資報酬率的認知都屬於表面，投資報酬率不是簡單的數學計算式，它必須考慮到投資時間、投入資金比例、機會成本等三個重要因素，這三個因素只要缺少一個，就不算是真... ]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>一般投資人對於投資報酬率的認知都屬於表面，投資報酬率不是簡單的數學計算式，它必須考慮到投資時間、投入資金比例、機會成本等三個重要因素，這三個因素只要缺少一個，就不算是真正的投資報酬率。</p>
<p>認識投資報酬率有這麼重要嗎？正確的投資報酬率計算與觀念，可以幫助你做出正確的投資決策，很多投資人之所以會有錯誤的投資決策，甚至是不自覺錯在何處，都是因為投資報酬率的觀念出現了錯誤。</p>
<p><span id="more-125"></span></p>
<p><strong><span style="color: #800000;">投資時間：</span></strong></p>
<p>報酬率的計算必須考量』投資時間』。自用住宅的增值是一個最常見的例子，以個人而言，老家是30年前父親以100萬台幣所購入，目前市值約500萬，一般人計算報酬率的結果是&#8230;.4倍(400%)！但是這沒有考量到投資時間，所以正確的報酬率計算必須加入』時間因素』。</p>
<p>加入時間因素後的報酬率，也就是<strong>年化報酬率</strong>。以上例來說，投資時間是30年，所以應該將400%除以30年，答案是13.33%，對嗎？這還是一個錯誤的答案，因為它是算數平均數，沒有考慮到<strong>複利觀念</strong>，正確的計算方式該用幾何平均數！我們用簡單的定期存款為例，30年前存入100萬新台幣，銀行的定存年利率假設都固定是3％，第1年的本利和是103萬元，第3年計算利息時，本金是以103萬計算，所以第2年的本利和就成了1,060,900，而不是106萬元。</p>
<p>100萬的本金，定存利率為3%，經過30年後的本利和變成了2,427,262元，而不是簡單的&#8230;100萬本金 + 30年x3%的利息＝190萬本利和。</p>
<p>回到老家房屋投資的例子，當初100萬購入，30年後以500萬出售時，<strong>年化複利報酬率</strong>為何？</p>
<p>100萬 x (1 + X%) ^30 ＝ 500萬，解出X的值為5.51％，年化複利報酬率即為5.51％了。<strong><span style="color: #ff0000;">所以加入時間因素後的報酬率，應該將時間的單位標準化為』年』，而且還要加上』複利』的觀念。</span></strong></p>
<p>註：上述(1 + X%) ^ 30 代表的是(1 + X%)的30次方</p>
<p>年化複利報酬率的計算可以用財務計算機或EXCEL，以下我們教各位用EXCEL的XIRR函數來計算。</p>
<p><a href="http://www.twd2u.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/xirr.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-126" title="xirr" src="http://www.twd2u.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/xirr.jpg" alt="" width="381" height="578" /></a></p>
<p>XIRR函數可以針對不定期間隔發生的現金流量，測定內部報酬率。如上圖，欄A我們輸入30年的日期，欄B則是輸入現金流量，假設買屋是在1970年1月1日，付出了現金100萬元，所以欄B的第1列，該輸入-100萬，負號代表付出。欄B的第30列，代表房屋出售後獲得現金500萬，所以我們輸入500萬。</p>
<p>XIRR函數的輸入方式是XIRR(X,Y)，其中X代表現金流量，Y代表日期，因為現金流量的欄位是是B1～B30，所以我們輸入B1：B30，而日期的部分則輸入A1：A30</p>
<p>加入時間因素後，老家的投資報酬率只剩下5.51％了，跟一般人錯誤觀念的400% 或 13.3% 的報酬率差異甚多，不是嗎？</p>
<p><strong><span style="color: #800000;">投入資金比例：</span></strong></p>
<p>在觀察投資報酬率時，我們必須考量的是總資產，不能用單一投資事件的報酬率來觀察，這會陷入』見樹不見林』的陷阱中。</p>
<p>比較常見的保本型結構式商品(結構型商品)，就是善用投入資金比例的一個範例。舉例來說，某銀行理專推薦你買進某個保本型結構式商品(結構型商品)，『保本』是個蠻誘人的題材，不過理專是否有詳細說明保本的比例呢？一般人認知的保本就是100%保本，可是結構式商品(結構型商品)可不是全都屬於100%保本，有些是95％保本，有些是90％保本，部分才真的是100％保本。(請參考<a href="http://www.twd2u.com/136-14-58.html">淺談結構式商品(結構型商品)與連動債</a>)</p>
<p>兼具『高收益』優勢是另一個誘人的題材，保本型結構式商品，會將主要資金投入於風險極低的債券、票券、定存&#8230;之中，然後將少部分的本金與利息，投資於高風險的選擇權、期貨、利率、匯率&#8230;等衍生性金融商品之中。</p>
<p>一般人聽到『保本』兼具『高收益』的優勢，就心動不已，其實這種保本型結構式商品(結構型商品)，你自己就能建立投資組合，無須仰賴銀行或投資機構，透過它們還需先付出手續費！舉例來說，你有100萬的資金可以投入保本型結構式商品(結構型商品)，你可以將其中的93萬元存到銀行定期存款中(假設年利率為2.15%)，一年後該筆定存的本利和是93萬 x (1+2.15%) ＝949,995元，這等於100萬的投資中，有95萬在一年後可以安全的領回，其保本率為95%。</p>
<p>因為100萬中只有93萬投資於定期存款，還有7萬元就可以投資於風險性商品，例如權證、選擇權、利率、匯率&#8230;等衍生性金融商品中，假設風險性商品的投資經過了一年，獲利幅度是200%，那麼這部分的資金就從7萬變成了21萬，加上定存一年後的本利和 949,995元，總金額就是1,159,995元，整體投資報酬率接近16%，一樣達到『保本』兼具『高收益』的優勢。</p>
<p>當然上述的例子是不但本保住了，還賺到了高額的風險性投資收入，屬於投資順利的情境，如果風險性投資的獲利平平(報酬率小正或小負)，一年後的整體投資報酬率約為0，如果投資不順呢？風險性投資的本金虧損殆盡，一年後只剩下949,995元。</p>
<p>上述的例子若想修正為100%保本，只要將定期存款的金額由93萬提高到98萬，風險性投資金額由7萬降低為2萬即可，當然，這樣的調整會使得整體投資報酬率降低許多，這一點必須留意。</p>
<p>這個例子讓我們瞭解計算報酬率時，必須從整體的角度來考量，低風險的投資與高風險的投資不能混為一談，亦即投資時要懂得建構一個投資組合(Portfolio)，這有助於分散非系統性風險，因此，報酬率的高低除了要考量到風險之外，還要考量到投入資金的比例。</p>
<p>你可能會聽到周遭的朋友告訴你，他在某段時間投資買屋(或股票、期貨、選擇權&#8230;等)，才僅僅幾個月的時間，就賺到30%~50%，甚至1倍以上的報酬率！在此我們必須提醒你的是&#8230;.報酬率除了必須與風險一同考量之外，單一事件的報酬率不代表投資績效。</p>
<p>巴菲特多次提醒過投資人&#8230;.</p>
<p><span style="color: #000080;">In allocating capital, activity does not correlate with achievement. Indeed, in the fields of investments and acquisitions, frenetic behavior is often counterproductive.</span></p>
<p>翻譯成中文後&#8230;.<strong><span style="color: #ff0000;">在資本分配時，單一投資事件並不代表績效，事實上，在投資與併購的領域上，狂熱的行為通常會產生不良後果的。</span></strong></p>
<p>聽到朋友高興的描述高獲利的過程，我們除了應該替他高興之外，也該適時的提醒對方與自己&#8230;.巴菲特說的這句話。</p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong><span style="color: #800000;">機會成本：</span></strong></p>
<p>機會成本的觀念來自於經濟學，它指的是&#8230;.一項資源(資金)在其他所有用途中，最有價值的那個用途的價值。</p>
<p>假設你用1000萬購買一間預售屋，一年後該屋建成完工，你以1200萬售出，投資報酬率是(1200萬-1000萬) ÷ 1000萬 ＝ 20%，這是沒考慮到機會成本的情況，也就是所謂的<strong>絕對報酬率</strong>。假設你這1000萬的資金只有二個用途，買屋與定存，那麼買屋後該筆資金的機會成本就是定存一年後的利息收入了。以2%的定存利率而言，機會成本就是20萬，所以考量到機會成本後的投資報酬率剩下18%。</p>
<p>在股票投資上，我們將考量到機會成本的報酬率稱之為<strong>超額報酬(相對報酬)</strong>，而此處所指的機會成本是指數的報酬率，換言之，投資股票所計算的報酬率，需考量到指數報酬率的表現。</p>
<p>同樣以實例說明！假設你投資1000萬購買了5檔個股，一年後全部賣出，獲利200萬，報酬率是20%，似乎是一個令人滿意的情況！但是若這一年的期間內，指數的漲幅是30%，代表你被大盤打敗了，因為你精選的五檔個股投資一年後，投資組合的報酬率還不如指數。這也代表了一個不懂得投資的人，直接購買指數型基金(ETF)，一年後的投資報酬率將高過你。</p>
<p>上例中雖然你的絕對報酬率是20%，但是考量到機會成本後的相對報酬率是 -10%，亦即超額報酬為 -10%。</p>
<p>另外一個比較常見的反例是&#8230;.你投資1000萬購買了5檔個股，一年後全部賣出，虧損了200萬，報酬率是 -20%，而這一年之間，指數的跌幅只有15%，相較之下你比投資指數型基金(ETF)的投資人，多虧損了5%，超額報酬是 -5%。</p>
<p><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>打敗大盤(指數)似乎是很簡單的事情，但是事實上卻不然，多數投資人所面對的情境是被大盤給打敗了，這種情況不僅僅出現在一般投資人身上，連基金經理人也普遍面對此一情境。</strong></span></p>
<p><strong><span style="color: #ff0000;">巴菲特經常提醒投資人，多數人都是缺乏專業投資能力的，與其在超出能力範圍做投資決策，不如直接投資買進指數型基金(ETF)，這樣的投資方式，其長期投資報酬率遠高於自行投資的長期投資報酬率，甚至高於目前多數的基金績效。</span></strong></p>
<p>2006年5月巴菲特的波克夏公司開股東會時，巴菲特表示願意拿出100萬美元和任何人對賭，賭S&amp;P 500指數型基金的十年報酬率會勝過任何十檔避險基金組合。經過一段時間後，巴菲特重提這項打賭，還表示沒有人敢跟他賭，代表他的看法正確。</p>
<p>到了2008年，紐約門徒夥伴公司（Protege Partners）共同創辦人塞德斯（Ted Seides）寫信給巴菲特，表示願意接受這項挑戰，條件是十年後門徒伙伴公司旗下的五檔避險基金的淨報酬率，是否會高於S&amp;P 500股價指數，雙方共出資64萬美金，寄存在長遠眼光基金會（Long Now）的長賭網站（Long Bets），等2017年12月31日打賭到期分出勝負後，贏家會得到大約已增值到100萬美元的賭注，而且該筆賭注將捐給慈善機構。如果巴菲特獲勝，錢會捐給他女兒蘇珊目前擔任董事的奧瑪哈女孩協會（Girls Inc.），如果門徒公司獲勝，錢要捐給倫敦的為小孩追求絕對報酬協會（Absolute Return for Kids）。</p>
<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;9/25 補充說明&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;</p>
<p>如何利用EXCEL上的XIRR函數功能，計算定期定額或不定期不定額的投資報酬率？</p>
<p><a href="http://www.twd2u.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/xirr2.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-138" title="xirr2" src="http://www.twd2u.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/xirr2.jpg" alt="" width="475" height="573" /></a></p>
<p>假設你是每個月1日定期定額投資基金，我們先在A欄輸入日期，輸入方式為 年/月/日，例如2000年3月1日就輸入2000/3/1即可。接著再於B欄輸入金額(現金流量)，因為是定期定額扣款，所以是每個月1日現金流出，輸入金額前必須視為負值，上例是每個月定期定額投資10,000元，所以輸入-10,000。金額欄位的最後一欄，我們輸入當天的基金淨值總金額或是贖回時領取的總金額，因為是現金流入，所以不用輸入負號，直接輸入243,560即可。</p>
<p>XIRR的函數使用方式為&#8230; XIRR(金額,日期) ，因為金額欄位是B欄，從B2～B23，所以我們輸入B2：B23 ，而日期欄位是A欄，所以我們輸入A2：A23</p>
<p>在沒有設定儲存格的格式前，XIRR函數計算出來的結果是0.1773，我們可以按滑鼠右鍵，選擇』儲存格格式』後，再選擇』數值』為』百分比』，即可顯示為17.73%。</p>
<p>透過XIRR函數計算出來的投資報酬率為年化投資報酬率。</p>
<p>如果是不定期不定額的投資呢？</p>
<p><a href="http://www.twd2u.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/xirr3.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-139" title="xirr3" src="http://www.twd2u.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/xirr3.jpg" alt="" width="497" height="428" /></a></p>
<p>輸入方式同上所述，各位可以看到日期欄位都沒有固定時間，不過各位輸入時要記得按照時間依序輸入。</p>
<p>本例為不定期不定額，而且中間有贖回部分投資金額，所以有時金額欄位是負值，有時又是正值，代表著有時候是加碼投資(現金流出)，有時候是減碼投資(現金流入)！同樣的，金額欄位最後一個必須輸入當天的基金淨值總金額或是贖回時領取的總金額。</p>
<p>最後，如果你沒有EXCEL軟體，可以下載<a href="http://zh.openoffice.org/new/zh_tw/index.html" target="_blank">免費的中文OPEN OFFICE</a>。XIRR的函數使用方式都相同。</p>
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