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	<title>正通投資團隊 - 投資台股的專家 &#187; Berkshire</title>
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	<description>以巴菲特的價值投資法為主軸，並透過財務金融的專業知識進行套利加值，守護您的寶貴資產</description>
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		<title>股神巴菲特這次將晚節不保？</title>
		<link>http://www.twd2u.com/538-58-52.html</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 03 Dec 2008 05:58:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[價值投資法]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[關於巴菲特]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Berkshire]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CDS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[巴菲特]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[波克夏]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[高盛]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.twd2u.com/?p=538</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[股價在兩個月內腰斬；公司「AAA」級債券的違約保護成本，飆升至信用評級為「BBB」甚至垃圾級公司的水平；因為主要業務獲利下滑與投資虧損，今年第三季的獲利大降77%。
雖然這樣的消息，... ]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>股價在兩個月內腰斬；公司「AAA」級債券的違約保護成本，飆升至信用評級為「BBB」甚至垃圾級公司的水平；因為主要業務獲利下滑與投資虧損，今年第三季的獲利大降77%。</p>
<p>雖然這樣的消息，在全球金融風暴肆虐與經濟不景氣的今天來看已經見怪不怪，但如果告訴你這是<strong>巴菲特</strong>掌舵的<strong>波克夏</strong>(<a href="http://www.berkshirehathaway.com/" target="_blank">Berkshire Hathaway Inc.</a>)公司近期表現的話，恐怕各位仍會感到十分驚訝。</p>
<p><span id="more-538"></span></p>
<p><a href="http://www.twd2u.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/berkshire-hathaway-inc.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-540" title="波克夏股價走勢圖" src="http://www.twd2u.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/berkshire-hathaway-inc.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="119" /></a></p>
<p>圖一  波克夏股價走勢圖</p>
<p>即使已經被冠上了「<strong>股神</strong>」的頭銜，巴菲特的旗下公司的市場表現還是讓大家議論紛紛。除了搬出以前巴老錯過的網路泡沫和過早拋售中石油的例子外，評論家們還對他大手筆收購高盛的做法提出了質疑(波克夏以50億美元取得股息為10%的優先股，還承諾未來再耗資50億美元買進認購價格為115美元/股的認股權證)，當時高盛股價仍在百元以上，到目前為止，高盛股價已經又跌了超過四成！</p>
<p>另外，波克夏在9月30日以48.5億美元的價格，出售四大指數的衍生性金融商品合約給被保密的客戶，波克夏承諾在特定期限內，保障買方因標準普爾500指數(S&amp;P 500 index) 等四大全球股市指數下跌衍生的損失，相關合約將在2019年至2027年間到期。理論上，如果合約到期時，相關指數位置低於投資者投保的位置時，波克夏將賠付大約370.4億美元，截至9月30日止，波克夏公司已減記合約價值67.3億美元(做為資產減損)。<br />
。</p>
<p>因為這些合約的影響，波克夏的「信用違約交換」（credit-default swaps，簡稱CDS）價格，曾經一度上漲到接近垃圾級債券的水準(註：信用違約機率越高的公司，CDS的價格越高，反之亦然)，11月24日，巴菲特通過其秘書Debbie Bosanek發出一封郵件，信中指出波克夏2008年的年報將公佈其衍生品估值的各個方面的細節，並將論述衍生品定價公式的不足，在此之前，』我們從不用這些公式』。</p>
<p>巴菲特在電子郵件中解釋，如果要想波克夏全部負擔355億美元的債務損失，那麼包括S&amp;P 500在內的四大指數必須全部跌至0。對這一債務損失的估計在9月30日本來是370億美元，由於最近的匯率波動，這一數字已經有所減少。</p>
<p><a href="http://www.twd2u.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/buffett.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-541" title="Buffett Photo" src="http://www.twd2u.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/buffett.jpg" alt="" width="239" height="301" /></a></p>
<p><strong><span style="color: #ff0000;">巴菲特真的廉頗老矣嗎？</span></strong>看看被尊稱為股神的巴菲特發跡歷史，我們可以發現&#8230;巴菲特正在重複35年前的故事。</p>
<p>1972年，越戰之後的美國再次經歷了經濟危機(物價和油價共漲、失業率與經濟衰退齊飛)，正當美國民眾呼天搶地之時，一度失意的巴菲特卻盯上了報業這個金礦，他發現擁有一家市佔率高的報刊，就好似擁有一座收費橋樑，任何過路者都必須留下買路錢。1973年開始，他悄悄地在股市上蠶食《波士頓環球》和《華盛頓郵報》。而兩報的利潤也真的達到年增長35%的奇跡，10年之後，巴菲特投入的1000萬美元增值為二億。可以想見的是，當年還未名聲大噪的巴菲特一定遭到了更多的非議！</p>
<p><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>如果所有的投資行為都和一般投資人一樣的話，巴菲特還能脫穎而出成為「股神」嗎？</strong></span></p>
<p>其實，大多數介紹巴菲特的書籍或網路文章，都會提到巴菲特的投資原則(或投資法則)，事實上他也一直身體力行實踐著(請參閱<a href="http://www.twd2u.com/topics/about-buffett" target="_blank">關於巴菲特</a>)，如果我們站在<strong>事後諸葛亮</strong>的角度，將焦點集中在<strong>價值投資法</strong>上，很明顯的是&#8230;.巴菲特透過價值投資法所買進的企業，在中長期的公司營運績效與股價報酬率表現上，都令人讚賞。當然，無可諱言的是&#8230;.不是每件投資案都能獲利，甚至經常資金投入不久後便面臨套牢窘境，然而時間只要拉長來看，報酬率都令投資人刮目相看(請參閱<a href="http://www.twd2u.com/141-40-55.html" target="_blank">關於巴菲特 (一)</a>)</p>
<p>正通投資團隊認為，今年波克夏的獲利下滑注定是無可挽回了，但是它投資的相關公司，營業利潤依舊豐厚，並且可以肯定會在未來維持不變！箇中原因其實不難理解，當全球經濟景氣處在衰退階段，單一公司很難置身事外，何況波克夏投資的公司橫跨金融、保險、能源、運輸、食品&#8230;.等產業，然而這些公司的競爭力與獲利能力，在目前不景氣之際，依舊是同業間的佼佼者。經濟衰退不可能永遠的持續下去，一旦景氣再度恢復成長，這些公司仍將是未來投資人所追逐的標的。</p>
<p>或許部分的投資人已經發現巴菲特的韜略與價值投資法的精髓，但是我們認為這始終是少數，這一點可以從目前台灣股市所呈現的狀況看出，我們將這些現象歸納為以下幾點：</p>
<p>1.縱使投資人贖回海外基金匯回國內，高達新台幣四千億元以上的游資，皆轉存於銀行體系中，並未進行再投資的動作。</p>
<p>2.市場預期這一波的景氣衰退仍未到達谷底，換言之，最壞的情況仍未出現。</p>
<p>3.投資人對於未來股市的樂觀悲觀比率，仍處於下跌狀態</p>
<p>4.外資與內資所出具的研究報告，明顯呈現調降評等、目標價的比例高於調高評等、目標價的比例。</p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;">正通投資團隊希望透過本文向讀者提醒，在過去的一年中，超過八成的投資人產生重大虧損，這些<strong>投資人如果投資的方式不改變，未來投資的結果仍將不變</strong>。</span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;">股神巴菲特這次將晚節不保？正通投資團隊給各位讀者的答案是&#8230;.歷史上歷次的金融危機與經濟衰退，所產生的原因皆不盡相同，但是價值投資法卻能走過所有的逆境，這一次也將不例外。</span></p>
<h3  class="related_post_title">相關文章</h3><ul class="related_post"><li><a href="http://www.twd2u.com/235-38-04.html" title="巴菲特說：Buy American. I Am.">巴菲特說：Buy American. I Am.</a></li><li><a href="http://www.twd2u.com/162-43-02.html" title="關於巴菲特 (六)">關於巴菲特 (六)</a></li><li><a href="http://www.twd2u.com/147-14-40.html" title="關於巴菲特 (三)">關於巴菲特 (三)</a></li><li><a href="http://www.twd2u.com/141-40-55.html" title="關於巴菲特 (一)">關於巴菲特 (一)</a></li><li><a href="http://www.twd2u.com/121-20-34.html" title="2007年巴菲特致股東的信(Warren Buffett&#8217;s Letters To Berkshire Shareholders)">2007年巴菲特致股東的信(Warren Buffett&#8217;s Letters To Berkshire Shareholders)</a></li><li><a href="http://www.twd2u.com/80-29-54.html" title="價值投資法的介紹(三)">價值投資法的介紹(三)</a></li><li><a href="http://www.twd2u.com/76-54-32.html" title="價值投資法的介紹(二)">價值投資法的介紹(二)</a></li></ul>]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>巴菲特說：Buy American. I Am.</title>
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		<comments>http://www.twd2u.com/235-38-04.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 18 Oct 2008 20:38:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>austin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[關於巴菲特]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Berkshire]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Buffett]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[價值投資法]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[巴菲特]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[波克夏]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.twd2u.com/?p=235</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[巴菲特在10月16日於紐約時報(The New York Times)發表一篇文章，表示他個人對目前股市的看法。眾所皆知，巴菲特很少對市場情勢公開發表看法，但是此時他卻選擇投書紐約時報，究竟他說了什麼... ]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>巴菲特在10月16日於紐約時報(The New York Times)發表一篇文章，表示他個人對目前股市的看法。眾所皆知，巴菲特很少對市場情勢公開發表看法，但是此時他卻選擇投書紐約時報，究竟他說了什麼呢？</p>
<p><span id="more-235"></span></p>
<p>以下是刊登在紐約時報的全文內容：</p>
<p><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/17/opinion/17buffett.html" target="_blank">Buy American. I Am.</a></p>
<p>By WARREN E. BUFFETT<br />
Published: October 16, 2008</p>
<p>THE financial world is a mess, both in the United States and abroad. Its problems, moreover, have been leaking into the general economy, and the leaks are now turning into a gusher. In the near term, unemployment will rise, business activity will falter and headlines will continue to be scary.</p>
<p>So &#8230; I’ve been buying American stocks. This is my personal account I’m talking about, in which I previously owned nothing but United States government bonds. (This description leaves aside my Berkshire Hathaway holdings, which are all committed to philanthropy.) If prices keep looking attractive, my non-Berkshire net worth will soon be 100 percent in United States equities.</p>
<p>Why?</p>
<p>A simple rule dictates my buying: Be fearful when others are greedy, and be greedy when others are fearful. And most certainly, fear is now widespread, gripping even seasoned investors. To be sure, investors are right to be wary of highly leveraged entities or businesses in weak competitive positions. But fears regarding the long-term prosperity of the nation’s many sound companies make no sense. These businesses will indeed suffer earnings hiccups, as they always have. But most major companies will be setting new profit records 5, 10 and 20 years from now.</p>
<p>Let me be clear on one point: I can’t predict the short-term movements of the stock market. I haven’t the faintest idea as to whether stocks will be higher or lower a month — or a year — from now. What is likely, however, is that the market will move higher, perhaps substantially so, well before either sentiment or the economy turns up. So if you wait for the robins, spring will be over.</p>
<p>A little history here: During the Depression, the Dow hit its low, 41, on July 8, 1932. Economic conditions, though, kept deteriorating until Franklin D. Roosevelt took office in March 1933. By that time, the market had already advanced 30 percent. Or think back to the early days of World War II, when things were going badly for the United States in Europe and the Pacific. The market hit bottom in April 1942, well before Allied fortunes turned. Again, in the early 1980s, the time to buy stocks was when inflation raged and the economy was in the tank. In short, bad news is an investor’s best friend. It lets you buy a slice of America’s future at a marked-down price.</p>
<p>Over the long term, the stock market news will be good. In the 20th century, the United States endured two world wars and other traumatic and expensive military conflicts; the Depression; a dozen or so recessions and financial panics; oil shocks; a flu epidemic; and the resignation of a disgraced president. Yet the Dow rose from 66 to 11,497.</p>
<p>You might think it would have been impossible for an investor to lose money during a century marked by such an extraordinary gain. But some investors did. The hapless ones bought stocks only when they felt comfort in doing so and then proceeded to sell when the headlines made them queasy.</p>
<p>Today people who hold cash equivalents feel comfortable. They shouldn’t. They have opted for a terrible long-term asset, one that pays virtually nothing and is certain to depreciate in value. Indeed, the policies that government will follow in its efforts to alleviate the current crisis will probably prove inflationary and therefore accelerate declines in the real value of cash accounts.</p>
<p>Equities will almost certainly outperform cash over the next decade, probably by a substantial degree. Those investors who cling now to cash are betting they can efficiently time their move away from it later. In waiting for the comfort of good news, they are ignoring Wayne Gretzky’s advice: “I skate to where the puck is going to be, not to where it has been.”</p>
<p>I don’t like to opine on the stock market, and again I emphasize that I have no idea what the market will do in the short term. Nevertheless, I’ll follow the lead of a restaurant that opened in an empty bank building and then advertised: “Put your mouth where your money was.” Today my money and my mouth both say equities.</p>
<p> </p>
<div id="authorId">
<p>Warren E. Buffett is the chief executive of Berkshire Hathaway, a diversified holding company.</p>
<p><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">上述全文的中文翻譯內容如下：</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">美國與海外的金融市場一團糟，金融問題已經殃及經濟。短期內，失業率將上升，商業活動將持續衰減，報紙頭條仍會怵目驚心。所以，我已不斷買進美股，是用自己的帳戶。以前除美國公債外，我沒有別的投資(這不包括我在波克夏公司的持股，那已預定捐出來做公益)。如果價錢仍具吸引力，我波克夏以外的資產很快會全部轉成美股。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 新細明體;"><span style="color: #000080;">(註：由於巴菲特為波克夏的經營者，而波克夏的主要營業項目為』投資』，因此巴菲特為了避免瓜田李下之嫌，他的私人金融資產中，除了現金與美國公債外，就只有波克夏的持股而已，這次巴菲特將現金與美國公債的投資轉換為美股，屬於十分罕見的狀況，估計他買進的公司應該會避免與波克夏的投資相同。依據富比士的統計，9月份巴菲特的財富在美國排名第一，而他決大多數的財富都屬於波克夏的持股)</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">為什麼？有個簡單的買進規則：<strong>別人貪婪時應恐懼，別人恐懼時應貪婪</strong>。現在瀰漫的是恐懼感，即使投資老手也逃不過。投資人提防借貸比率過高或競爭力弱的企業是對的，但對許多體質健全公司的長期展望憂心忡忡卻沒道理。這些企業的獲利偶爾會打嗝，但多數大公司會在五年、十年或二十年後締造新的獲利紀錄。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">有一點要說清楚：我無法預測股市的短期走勢，不知一個月或一年後股價會漲或跌。然而，行情可能在市場信心轉強或經濟改觀前就走高，也許漲幅可觀。你若要等知更鳥啼鳴，春天可能已結束。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">來談一點歷史：大蕭條期間，道瓊指數在1932年7月8日跌到41點的谷底。但經濟持續惡化到羅斯福1933年3月就任總統時。不過在此之前，股市早已勁揚 30%。又如第二次世界大戰初期，美國在歐洲及太平洋戰事皆不利，但股市在1942年4月觸底，比盟軍時來運轉早得多。再者，1980年代初，買股好時機是通膨肆虐而經濟重挫之時。簡而言之，<strong>壞消息是投資人最好的朋友</strong>，讓你可用低價投資一小塊美國的未來。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">長期來說，股市新聞會變好。在20世紀，美國歷經過兩次世界大戰和其他代價慘重的軍事衝突，以及大蕭條、十幾次衰退和金融恐慌，還有幾次石油危機、一波大流感，及總統丟人現眼後辭職下台(指的是尼克森的水門事件)。但道瓊指數照樣從66點漲至11,497點。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">你可能以為，20世紀漲幅這麼大，幾乎不可能賠錢，但就是有些人虧錢。這些倒楣人只在覺得放心時買股票，一瞥見令人不安的新聞就賣出。今天，手中持有現金及約當現金的人覺得心安，其實不該如此。他們選擇了可怕的長期資產，幾乎不生財且注定會貶值。沒錯，政府為緩解危機而採行的政策勢必引發通膨，進而加速現金帳戶的實際價值下滑。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 新細明體;"><span style="color: #ff0000;">股票未來十年的表現勢必勝過現金。現在緊抱現金的投資人，是賭他們稍後可算準時機再進場買進。在等待好消息時，他們忽視冰上曲棍球巨星葛瑞斯基（Wayne Gretzky）的建言：「溜冰時要滑向曲棍球餅預料會到的地方，而不是現在的位置。」</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">我不喜歡對股市發表意見，容我再次強調，我不知市場短期走向。然而，我會仿效一家餐廳的作法，這家餐廳在空蕩蕩的銀行大樓開業，廣告標語說：「錢放哪裡，就在哪裡吃。」今天，我的錢和我的嘴都嚷著要「股票」。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">註：有關於巴菲特的價值投資法、巴菲特的5項投資邏輯、12項投資原則、8項選股標準與2項投資方式，請參考<a href="http://www.twd2u.com/73-56-59.html" target="_self">價值投資法的介紹</a> 及 <a href="http://www.twd2u.com/141-40-55.html" target="_blank">關於巴菲特</a>這二個系列的文章。</span></div>
<h3  class="related_post_title">相關文章</h3><ul class="related_post"><li><a href="http://www.twd2u.com/538-58-52.html" title="股神巴菲特這次將晚節不保？">股神巴菲特這次將晚節不保？</a></li><li><a href="http://www.twd2u.com/141-40-55.html" title="關於巴菲特 (一)">關於巴菲特 (一)</a></li><li><a href="http://www.twd2u.com/121-20-34.html" title="2007年巴菲特致股東的信(Warren Buffett&#8217;s Letters To Berkshire Shareholders)">2007年巴菲特致股東的信(Warren Buffett&#8217;s Letters To Berkshire Shareholders)</a></li><li><a href="http://www.twd2u.com/162-43-02.html" title="關於巴菲特 (六)">關於巴菲特 (六)</a></li><li><a href="http://www.twd2u.com/147-14-40.html" title="關於巴菲特 (三)">關於巴菲特 (三)</a></li><li><a href="http://www.twd2u.com/80-29-54.html" title="價值投資法的介紹(三)">價值投資法的介紹(三)</a></li><li><a href="http://www.twd2u.com/76-54-32.html" title="價值投資法的介紹(二)">價值投資法的介紹(二)</a></li></ul>]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>關於巴菲特 (三)</title>
		<link>http://www.twd2u.com/147-14-40.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.twd2u.com/147-14-40.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 27 Sep 2008 16:14:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>austin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[關於巴菲特]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Berkshire]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[巴菲特]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[波克夏]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[葛拉漢]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[費雪]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.twd2u.com/?p=147</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[巴菲特在1992年股東年會上表示，葛拉漢總是認為投資人尋求簡單而安全的投資途徑，注重於選擇最便宜的股票，他奉行的原則是，以一家公司的淨營業資本的三分之二買進股票！但巴菲特卻不... ]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>巴菲特在1992年股東年會上表示，葛拉漢總是認為投資人尋求簡單而安全的投資途徑，<strong>注重於選擇最便宜的股票</strong>，他奉行的原則是，以一家公司的淨營業資本的三分之二買進股票！但巴菲特卻不這麼想，他開始<strong>參考價格低廉以外的其他因素</strong>，我儘可能對一個企業做深入的分析，他還表示，他開始將股票視為企業，而且當他和所有投資人一樣估算價值時，會把成長視為另一種價值。</p>
<p><span id="more-147"></span></p>
<p>巴菲特曾在富比士上寫到，我何其幸運能夠讀到費雪(非常潛力股和培養投資哲學)和葛拉漢的作品，他們在沒有任何經濟誘因之下，將思想記錄下來，如果我沒讀過費雪的書，就不可能擁有今天的財富，三十五年前，我用幾塊錢買下他的書，現在如果用複利計算，我所賺的不知凡幾。</p>
<p>在臥室展開工作，需要很大的勇氣，如果一個年輕人宣佈他將<strong>在自己的臥室中創業</strong>，恐怕不會有人認為他將來會有什麼出息，我第一次見到他時，他剛結束葛拉漢的工作回到老家，前奧瑪哈共同基金的主管歐康諾回憶當時的情形這樣說。1956年，他二十五歲，已結了婚，有兩個孩子，個人擁有十四萬美元的資產那段期間，很多家族成員都向他請教如何投資，因此他便於1956年，成立了巴菲特合夥企業，<strong><span style="color: #ff0000;">他告訴投資人，我會用投資自己資金的方式為你們投資，以累積盈虧的方式分配盈餘，但是我不會告訴告訴你們我在做什麼！</span></strong></p>
<p>巴菲特負責管理合夥企業，公司其他成員則是有限責任合夥人，不參與決策，為了成立合夥企業，他請親戚朋友聯合投資，總共募得了十萬五千一百美元，除了跑遍全城募集資金之外(大部分對象是醫生)，巴菲特的支出項目並不多，房租也很合理，巴菲特永遠珍視他低成本的經營方式。</p>
<p>1956年夏季的某一天，佛蒙特州物理教授道奇在結束了獨木舟之旅後，到奧瑪哈找巴菲特，他從朋友葛拉漢處聽說了這個投資神童，並且成為第一位加入合夥企業的外人，獨木舟之旅顯然不是重點，道奇獨自划了一千五百英里，就是希望能夠說服二十五歲的巴菲特，為他管理他家的資產。</p>
<p>巴菲特後來接受訪問時表示，道奇告訴我，我想請你管理我的錢，我說，我做的只是家族成員的合夥企業，他說，我想和你合夥，於是我就這麼和道奇攀上了關係。道奇為家人在巴菲特的合夥公司投資了十萬美元，1983年道奇去世時，這筆錢已經累積到千萬元之譜，道奇的兒子說，我父親當下看出巴菲特精於金融分析，但是他的才能絕對不止於此，道奇見識到一位天賦異稟的專家，他熱愛投資的一切過程，而且對一切投資管道都相當嫻熟。</p>
<p>有一天巴菲特去拜訪他的鄰居奇歐，奇歐當時是一家公司的高級主管，他後來因一連串的購併而進入可口可樂公司，最後甚至成為可口可樂的總裁，與華盛頓郵報的董事，年輕的奇歐拒絕了巴菲特要為他投資的提議，奇歐後來接受訪問表示，當時我有五個孩子，每天都得出門上班，巴菲特有三個孩子，卻成天待在家裡。有一天，巴菲特突然跑過來找我，巴菲特說，如果我給他五千美元，他會為我做的更好，我太太和我討論了好久，但我們覺得，我們連這傢伙靠什麼謀<br />
生都不清楚，怎麼能把五千美元交給他呢？從哪時起，我們就開始後悔不已，我是說，如果當時我把那一點點錢交給他，現在說不定我已經擁有一所大學了。</p>
<p>1965年，巴菲特透過合夥企業，以約一千四百萬美元取得波克夏(Berkshire)紡織廠絕大部份的股權，波克夏紡織位於麻賽諸塞州的Newbeford，當時波克夏正飽受股價持續下挫之苦，巴菲特為了那首眾所周知的歌曲，買下了這家不吸引人的事業，而勤奮的工作和新的管理風格，還是沒能使紡織廠稍有起色，這是巴菲特手下僅有幾個狀況一直不佳的企業之一。(註：當波克夏被買入後，巴菲特可以直接將該公司所有資產全數變換成現金，由於收購的價格十分低廉，一轉手之間就可以馬上賺到大筆現金，但是巴菲特考量到舊有員工將面臨失業的窘境，他並不願意選擇這樣做)</p>
<p>經過多年力圖振興的努力之後，巴菲特終於在1985年把他當廢物給賣了1969年，當時的巴菲特認為，他已經找不到真正的價值了，亦即以低於公司內在價值許多的折扣價，買下整家公司或部份股權，因此，他決定把成果輝煌的巴菲特合夥企業解散，<strong><span style="color: #ff0000;">合夥企業營運十三年來，平均維持年30%的成長率，價值高達一億美元，其中巴菲特的部份約值二千萬美元！</span></strong></p>
<p>時年三十八歲的巴菲特在寫給他的有限合夥人的信中說到，我對現況一籌莫展，當遊戲不再遵循你的規則進行時，批評新方法不正確，新方法一定會出錯等等，都是人之常情，但是有一點我卻十分清楚，<strong><span style="color: #ff0000;">我寧可放棄豐厚而且顯然非常好賺的利潤，也不願意採用一個我不完全了解，也沒有成功實行過的方法，因為這很可能會導致資金的重大損失。</span></strong>(註：巴菲特合夥企業解散後三年，股市經歷了幾十年以來最慘烈的時期，亦即1973年至1974年間的股市大崩盤)</p>
<h3  class="related_post_title">相關文章</h3><ul class="related_post"><li><a href="http://www.twd2u.com/538-58-52.html" title="股神巴菲特這次將晚節不保？">股神巴菲特這次將晚節不保？</a></li><li><a href="http://www.twd2u.com/235-38-04.html" title="巴菲特說：Buy American. I Am.">巴菲特說：Buy American. I Am.</a></li><li><a href="http://www.twd2u.com/145-46-49.html" title="關於巴菲特 (二)">關於巴菲特 (二)</a></li><li><a href="http://www.twd2u.com/141-40-55.html" title="關於巴菲特 (一)">關於巴菲特 (一)</a></li><li><a href="http://www.twd2u.com/121-20-34.html" title="2007年巴菲特致股東的信(Warren Buffett&#8217;s Letters To Berkshire Shareholders)">2007年巴菲特致股東的信(Warren Buffett&#8217;s Letters To Berkshire Shareholders)</a></li><li><a href="http://www.twd2u.com/164-55-46.html" title="空頭市場進入最後階段(Bear market enters last phase)">空頭市場進入最後階段(Bear market enters last phase)</a></li><li><a href="http://www.twd2u.com/162-43-02.html" title="關於巴菲特 (六)">關於巴菲特 (六)</a></li></ul>]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>關於巴菲特 (一)</title>
		<link>http://www.twd2u.com/141-40-55.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.twd2u.com/141-40-55.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Sep 2008 19:40:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>austin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[關於巴菲特]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Berkshire]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Buffett]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[好公司]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[巴菲特]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[投資報酬率]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[波克夏]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[複利]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[財富管家]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[超額報酬]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.twd2u.com/?p=141</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[下表是1965年～2007年波克夏(Berkshire Hathaway)公司的淨值成長率 VS. S&#38;P 500指數報酬率，其中波克夏的淨值成長率是稅後數字，S&#38;P 500指數報酬率則是稅前數字。
乍看之下或許並不令人訝異，但... ]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>下表是1965年～2007年波克夏(Berkshire Hathaway)公司的淨值成長率 VS. S&amp;P 500指數報酬率，其中波克夏的淨值成長率是稅後數字，S&amp;P 500指數報酬率則是稅前數字。</p>
<p>乍看之下或許並不令人訝異，但是如果我們將這些數據整理彙總後，相信你會大吃一驚。</p>
<p><span id="more-141"></span></p>
<table style="width: 449pt; border-collapse: collapse;" border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0" width="599">
<colgroup span="1">
<col style="width: 51pt; mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 2176;" span="1" width="68"></col>
<col style="width: 54pt; mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 2304;" span="1" width="72"></col>
<col style="width: 60pt; mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 2560;" span="1" width="80"></col>
<col style="width: 54pt; mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 2304;" span="1" width="72"></col>
<col style="width: 8pt; mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 352;" span="1" width="11"></col>
<col style="width: 55pt; mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 2336;" span="1" width="73"></col>
<col style="width: 54pt;" span="1" width="72"></col>
<col style="width: 59pt; mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 2528;" span="1" width="79"></col>
<col style="width: 54pt;" span="1" width="72"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl65" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; width: 51pt; border-bottom: black 0.5pt solid; height: 56.85pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" rowspan="3" width="68" height="75"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">年份</span></td>
<td class="xl72" style="border-right: #ece9d8; border-top: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext; width: 54pt; border-bottom: #ece9d8; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" width="72"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">波克夏每</span></td>
<td class="xl66" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; width: 60pt; border-bottom: #ece9d8; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" width="80"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">S&amp;P 500</span></td>
<td class="xl66" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; width: 54pt; border-bottom: black 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" rowspan="3" width="72"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">超額報酬</span>(%)</td>
<td style="width: 8pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;" width="11"> </td>
<td class="xl65" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; width: 55pt; border-bottom: black 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" rowspan="3" width="73"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">年份</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext; width: 54pt; border-bottom: #ece9d8; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" width="72"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">波克夏每</span></td>
<td class="xl65" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext; width: 59pt; border-bottom: #ece9d8; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" width="79"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">S&amp;P 500</span></td>
<td class="xl66" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; width: 54pt; border-bottom: black 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" rowspan="3" width="72"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">超額報酬</span>(%)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 18pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="24">
<td class="xl73" style="border-right: #ece9d8; border-top: #ece9d8; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: #ece9d8; height: 18pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="24"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">股淨值成</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: #ece9d8; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">指數</span></td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: #ece9d8; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">股淨值成</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: #ece9d8; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">指數</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 18.75pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="25">
<td class="xl74" style="border-right: #ece9d8; border-top: #ece9d8; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 18.75pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="25"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">長率(%)</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">報酬率(%)</span></td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl67" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">長率(%)</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">報酬率(%)</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1965</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">23.8 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">10.0 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">13.8 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1987</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">19.5 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">5.1 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">14.4 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1966</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">20.3 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; color: #ff0000; font-family: 新細明體; mso-ignore: color;">-11.7 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">32.0 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1988</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">20.1 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">16.6 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">3.5 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1967</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">11.0 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">30.9 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; color: #ff0000; font-family: 新細明體; mso-ignore: color;">-19.9 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1989</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">44.4 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">31.7 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">12.7 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1968</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">19.0 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">11.0 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">8.0 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1990</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">7.4 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; color: #ff0000; font-family: 新細明體; mso-ignore: color;">-3.1 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">10.5 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1969</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">16.2 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; color: #ff0000; font-family: 新細明體; mso-ignore: color;">-8.4 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">24.6 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1991</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">39.6 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">30.5 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">9.1 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1970</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">12.0 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">3.9 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">8.1 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1992</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">20.3 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">7.6 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">12.7 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1971</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">16.4 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">14.6 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1.8 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1993</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">14.3 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">10.1 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">4.2 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1972</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">21.7 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">18.9 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">2.8 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1994</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">13.9 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1.3 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">12.6 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1973</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">4.7 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; color: #ff0000; font-family: 新細明體; mso-ignore: color;">-14.8 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">19.5 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1995</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">43.1 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">37.6 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">5.5 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1974</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">5.5 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; color: #ff0000; font-family: 新細明體; mso-ignore: color;">-26.4 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">31.9 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1996</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">31.8 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">23.0 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">8.8 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1975</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">21.9 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">37.2 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; color: #ff0000; font-family: 新細明體; mso-ignore: color;">-15.3 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1997</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">34.1 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">33.4 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">0.7 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1976</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">59.3 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">23.6 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">35.7 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1998</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">48.3 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">28.6 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">19.7 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1977</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">31.9 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; color: #ff0000; font-family: 新細明體; mso-ignore: color;">-7.4 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">39.3 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1999</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">0.5 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">21.0 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; color: #ff0000; font-family: 新細明體; mso-ignore: color;">-20.5 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1978</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">24.0 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">6.4 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">17.6 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">2000</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">6.5 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; color: #ff0000; font-family: 新細明體; mso-ignore: color;">-9.1 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">15.6 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1979</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">35.7 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">18.2 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">17.5 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">2001</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; color: #ff0000; font-family: 新細明體; mso-ignore: color;">-6.2 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; color: #ff0000; font-family: 新細明體; mso-ignore: color;">-11.9 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">5.7 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1980</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">19.3 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">32.3 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; color: #ff0000; font-family: 新細明體; mso-ignore: color;">-13.0 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">2002</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">10.0 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; color: #ff0000; font-family: 新細明體; mso-ignore: color;">-22.1 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">32.1 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1981</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">31.4 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; color: #ff0000; font-family: 新細明體; mso-ignore: color;">-5.0 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">36.4 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">2003</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">21.0 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">28.7 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; color: #ff0000; font-family: 新細明體; mso-ignore: color;">-7.7 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1982</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">40.0 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">21.4 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">18.6 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">2004</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">10.5 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">10.9 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; color: #ff0000; font-family: 新細明體; mso-ignore: color;">-0.4 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1983</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">32.3 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">22.4 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">9.9 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">2005</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">6.4 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">4.9 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1.5 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1984</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">13.6 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">6.1 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">7.5 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">2006</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">18.4 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">15.8 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">2.6 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1985</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">48.2 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">31.6 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">16.6 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">2007</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">11.0 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">5.5 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">5.5 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl75" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1986</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">26.1 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">18.6 </span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">7.5 </span></td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
<td class="xl64" style="background-color: transparent; border: #ece9d8;"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>下表是年化複利報酬率與累積報酬率的彙整：</p>
<p>(註:超額報酬是波克夏的年化複利報酬率 &#8211; S&amp;P 500指數年化複利報酬率)</p>
<table style="width: 395pt; border-collapse: collapse;" border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0" width="527">
<colgroup span="1">
<col style="width: 51pt; mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 2176;" span="1" width="68"></col>
<col style="width: 54pt; mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 2304;" span="1" width="72"></col>
<col style="width: 60pt; mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 2560;" span="1" width="80"></col>
<col style="width: 54pt; mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 2304;" span="1" width="72"></col>
<col style="width: 8pt; mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 352;" span="1" width="11"></col>
<col style="width: 55pt; mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 2336;" span="1" width="73"></col>
<col style="width: 54pt;" span="1" width="72"></col>
<col style="width: 59pt; mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 2528;" span="1" width="79"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl66" style="width: 219pt; height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; border: windowtext 0.5pt solid;" colspan="4" width="292" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">　</span></td>
<td class="xl66" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext; width: 63pt; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" colspan="2" width="84"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">波克夏</span></td>
<td class="xl66" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext; width: 54pt; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" width="72"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">S&amp;P 500</span></td>
<td class="xl66" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext; width: 59pt; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" width="79"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">超額報酬</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl66" style="height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; border: windowtext 0.5pt solid;" colspan="4" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1965～2007的年化複利報酬率</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" colspan="2"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">21.1%</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">10.3%</span></td>
<td class="xl67" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">10.8%</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-height-source: userset;" height="26">
<td class="xl66" style="height: 20.1pt; background-color: transparent; border: windowtext 0.5pt solid;" colspan="4" height="26"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">1964～2007的累積報酬率</span></td>
<td class="xl68" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;" colspan="2"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">400863%</span></td>
<td class="xl68" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">6840%</span></td>
<td class="xl66" style="border-right: windowtext 0.5pt solid; border-top: windowtext; border-left: windowtext; border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt solid; background-color: transparent;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: 新細明體;">　</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>從過去的43年以來，若從淨值成長率來看波克夏，該公司的平均年化複利報酬率是21.1％，單看21.1%這個數字或許沒有很驚人，但是請注意，這43年以來，每年都是如此的話，就很驚人了，因為這代表的是&#8230;.如果你在1965年投資波克夏公司一萬元新台幣(TWD)，到了2007年底之際，你將擁有超過3760萬的財富，如果你是1964年波克夏的原始投資人，那麼現在已經擁有4008萬的財富了。</p>
<p>單從這二張表我們可以做出以下幾點結論：</p>
<p><strong><span style="color: #800000;">橫財 VS. 恆財：</span></strong>投資股票、基金要獲得20%以上的投資報酬率並不困難，甚至在景氣大好的年代時，30%以上的投資報酬率也並非難事，如果投資的商品是衍生性金融商品，例如權證、選擇權、期貨&#8230;.等，倍數以上的投資報酬率更常見！但是&#8230;有哪位投資人能長期都賺取這種<span style="color: #008000;">橫財</span>呢？世界上沒有任何一個投資人能做到長期維持高報酬率，而且世界上只有一個人，能在43年這麼長的時間中，維持年化複利報酬率21.1%的成績，那個人就是華倫 巴菲特(Warren E. Buffett)，他不賺<span style="color: #008000;">橫財</span>，他只賺<span style="color: #ff0000;">恆財</span>。</p>
<p><strong><span style="color: #800000;">複利的效果：</span></strong>波克夏平均年化複利報酬率21.1%看似不驚人，但是(1+21.1%)的43次方，其值是3760，它所代表的是&#8230;每年維持21.1%的投資報酬率，經過43年後會使得財富翻上3760倍。我們舉個簡單的例子來說明複利的威力！假設你現在30歲，每年只要投資10萬元，而年投資報酬率都維持在21.1%，那麼經過20年後，你所累積的財富將達到2584萬元。這筆財富可以讓你在50歲就提前退休，除了退休後維持一般生活開銷外，還可以支付一對兒女大學、研究所的相關費用，並且讓你每年都可以跟另一半出國旅遊。</p>
<p><strong><span style="color: #800000;">做對一件事：</span></strong>投資其實可以很簡單，只要你做對一件事。如果一家好公司能維持43年平均報酬率達到21.1%，你投資這家公司<span style="color: #000080;"><strong>10萬元</strong></span>後，不需要再投入任何資金，43年後你將擁有<span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>3億7千6百萬元</strong></span>，這足以讓你成為億萬富翁！當然，講起來是很容易，但是做起來卻是非常困難，因為好公司難找之外，未來要保持43年良好績效的公司更難找。選擇投資標的既然很困難，換個角度來思考的話&#8230;.選對人是不是簡單些？各位可以幻想一下，43年前如果你選擇巴菲特幫你管理財富，現如今是否可以愜意享受生活？2007年美國五百大富豪中，就有幾位名不見經傳的富豪，他們畢生在投資上只做對一件事，那就是選擇巴菲特幫他們找尋好公司！(正通投資團對最大的目標，就是希望客戶在多年以後，能夠因為他們當初選對了財富管家而驕傲！)</p>
<p>巴菲特之所以被尊稱為股神 (20世紀最偉大的投資人)，就在於他能夠長時間維持穩定的報酬率。看完了這些，後續我們將逐一介紹<strong>巴菲特的生平</strong>、<strong>巴菲特的投資法則(巴菲特投資原則)</strong>、歷年來巴菲特與波克夏的重大事蹟及<strong>巴菲特名言</strong>，請繼續閱讀本次的系列文章。</p>
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		<title>2007年巴菲特致股東的信(Warren Buffett&#8217;s Letters To Berkshire Shareholders)</title>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 21 Sep 2008 14:20:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>austin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[關於巴菲特]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Berkshire]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Buffett]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[巴菲特]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[波克夏]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[致股東的信]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.twd2u.com/?p=121</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
To the Shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway Inc.:
Our gain in net worth during 2007 was $12.3 billion, which increased the per-share book value of both our Class A and Class B stock by 11%. Over the last 43 years (that is, since pre... ]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: center;">BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.</p>
<p><strong>To the Shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway Inc.:</strong></p>
<p>Our gain in net worth during 2007 was $12.3 billion, which increased the per-share book value of both our Class A and Class B stock by 11%. Over the last 43 years (that is, since present management took over) book value has grown from $19 to $78,008, a rate of 21.1% compounded annually.*</p>
<p><span id="more-121"></span></p>
<p>Overall, our 76 operating businesses did well last year. The few that had problems were primarily those linked to housing, among them our brick, carpet and real estate brokerage operations. Their setbacks<br />
are minor and temporary. Our competitive position in these businesses remains strong, and we have firstclass CEOs who run them right, in good times or bad.</p>
<p>Some major financial institutions have, however, experienced staggering problems because they engaged in the “weakened lending practices” I described in last year’s letter. John Stumpf, CEO of Wells Fargo, aptly dissected the recent behavior of many lenders: “It is interesting that the industry has invented new ways to lose money when the old ways seemed to work just fine.”</p>
<p>You may recall a 2003 Silicon Valley bumper sticker that implored, “Please, God, Just One More Bubble.” Unfortunately, this wish was promptly granted, as just about all Americans came to believe that house prices would forever rise. That conviction made a borrower’s income and cash equity seem unimportant to lenders, who shoveled out money, confident that HPA – house price appreciation – would cure all problems. Today, our country is experiencing widespread pain because of that erroneous belief.</p>
<p>As house prices fall, a huge amount of financial folly is being exposed. You only learn who has been<br />
swimming naked when the tide goes out – and what we are witnessing at some of our largest financial<br />
institutions is an ugly sight.</p>
<p>Turning to happier thoughts, we can report that Berkshire’s newest acquisitions of size, TTI and Iscar, led by their CEOs, Paul Andrews and Jacob Harpaz respectively, performed magnificently in 2007. Iscar is as impressive a manufacturing operation as I’ve seen, a view I reported last year and that was confirmed by a visit I made in the fall to its extraordinary plant in Korea.</p>
<p>Finally, our insurance business – the cornerstone of Berkshire – had an excellent year. Part of the reason is that we have the best collection of insurance managers in the business – more about them later. But we also were very lucky in 2007, the second year in a row free of major insured catastrophes.</p>
<p>That party is over. It’s a certainty that insurance-industry profit margins, including ours, will fall significantly in 2008. Prices are down, and exposures inexorably rise. Even if the U.S. has its third consecutive catastrophe-light year, industry profit margins will probably shrink by four percentage points<br />
or so. If the winds roar or the earth trembles, results could be far worse. So be prepared for lower insurance earnings during the next few years.<br />
Yardsticks<br />
Berkshire has two major areas of value. The first is our investments: stocks, bonds and cash equivalents. At yearend these totaled $141 billion (not counting those in our finance or utility operations, which we assign to our second bucket of value).</p>
<p>Insurance float – money we temporarily hold in our insurance operations that does not belong to us – funds $59 billion of our investments. This float is “free” as long as insurance underwriting breaks even, meaning that the premiums we receive equal the losses and expenses we incur. Of course, insurance underwriting is volatile, swinging erratically between profits and losses. Over our entire history, however, we’ve been profitable, and I expect we will average breakeven results or better in the future. If we do that, our investments can be viewed as an unencumbered source of value for Berkshire shareholders.<br />
Berkshire’s second component of value is earnings that come from sources other than investments and insurance. These earnings are delivered by our 66 non-insurance companies, itemized on page 76. In our early years, we focused on the investment side. During the past two decades, however, we have put ever more emphasis on the development of earnings from non-insurance businesses.<br />
The following tables illustrate this shift. In the first we tabulate per-share investments at 14-year intervals. We exclude those applicable to minority interests.</p>
<p>以下內容省略！欲閱讀原文全文者請下載<a href="http://www.twd2u.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/2007ltr.pdf" target="_blank">2007年巴菲特致股東的信</a>(使用Acrobat Adobe軟體閱讀)！欲閱讀中文翻譯版者，請下載<a href="http://www.twd2u.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/bh_2007.doc" target="_blank">2007年巴菲特致股東的信(中文版 Word格式)</a>。欲閱讀其餘年份巴菲特致股東的信，請前往<a href="http://www.berkshirehathaway.com/letters/letters.html" target="_blank">波克夏網站</a>。</p>
<p>以下為2007年巴菲特致股東的信 中文版的部分內容：</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size: small;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: &quot;新細明體&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">波克夏海瑟威</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: &quot;新細明體&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">股份有限公司</span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: &quot;新細明體&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">致</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: &quot;新細明體&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">波克夏海瑟威股東</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">:</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;新細明體&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">我們在</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2007</span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;新細明體&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">年獲利的淨值達到</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">123</span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;新細明體&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">億美元，為我們</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">A</span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;新細明體&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">股和</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">B</span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;新細明體&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">股的每股淨值提升了</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">11%</span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;新細明體&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">。過去<span lang="EN-US">43</span>年來<span lang="EN-US">(</span>也就是自從今天的管理層接手以來<span lang="EN-US">)</span>總淨值從<span lang="EN-US">19</span>塊成長到<span lang="EN-US">78,008</span>美元，這是<span lang="EN-US">21.1%</span>的年複合成長率。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;新細明體&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">總括來說，控股公司旗下<span lang="EN-US">76</span>個事業體去年表現不賴，少數有問題的主要是和房市有關聯的那些，在這其中有建材、地毯，及不動產經紀業務。他們差強人意的表現，我們認為是暫時性的小問題，因為我們在那些業務上的競爭能力依然強勁，而且我們擁有一流的企業領導人，不論景氣好壞都始終如一。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;新細明體&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">然而一些具規模的金融機構卻因為陷入了我在去年的致股東意見書提到的「借貸動作轉弱」情勢而經營困頓。</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">John Stumpf</span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;新細明體&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">，富國銀行的執行長，將許多融資機構近來的行為做了剖析：「整個產業自己開創了一種新的虧損模式，這種現象很有趣，尤其是在舊的獲利模式還很有用的時候。」</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;新細明體&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">你或許會記得<span lang="EN-US">2003</span>年在矽谷的汽車保險桿貼紙上的句子「老天爺，再來一個泡沫就好」。不幸地，這個希望終究只是希望，就在所有美國人都相信房價會永遠上漲的樂觀氛圍中被盼望著。發生這種狀況讓貸款人的收入和可變現資產等資料，在融資機構面前好像都不存在一樣，而那些機構持續超貸，只因為對房市的信心認為房價上漲趨勢可以蓋過授信缺失的一切問題。今天我們整個國家經歷這種痛苦就是因為以前那種信念而造成，當房價滑落時，許多財務問題都浮現出來。就好像海平面水位降低你才會看見哪裡有暗礁一樣 <span lang="EN-US">– </span>今天我們看到一些最大的金融機構就顯露出了這種不堪。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;新細明體&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">談些快樂的事，來看看波克夏最新收購的公司，<span lang="EN-US">TTI</span>和<span lang="EN-US">Iscar</span>。這兩家公司各自由<span lang="EN-US">Paul Andrews</span>和<span lang="EN-US">Jacob Harpaz</span>兩位執行長領導著，而且在<span lang="EN-US">2007</span>年表現亮眼。<span lang="EN-US">Iscar</span>是我看過在製造業營運中頂尖的人物，這我在去年的報告中提到過，也在我一次秋季到他們傑出韓國工廠的拜會中得到證明。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;新細明體&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">來談到我們的保險業 <span lang="EN-US">– </span>波克夏的根基事業 <span lang="EN-US">– </span>去年表現非常好，部分原因是因為我們在保險業界中找到了最好的專業經理人來掌舵 <span lang="EN-US">– </span>後面再來聊更多他們的事，但也是因為我們<span lang="EN-US">07</span>年很幸運，連續第二年沒有承受任何巨災理賠。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;新細明體&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">但是別指望天天都在過年，因為確定的是保險業的毛利率，也包括我們的，在<span lang="EN-US">2008</span>年會明顯變薄。保費降低，但是承受風險會明顯提高，即使美國連續第三年氣候風調雨順，整個產業的毛利率可能會下降大約四個百分點。如果颶風或地震發生，這個現象還會更糟，所以對未來更低的保險業獲利要有心理準備。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: &quot;新細明體&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: &quot;新細明體&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;"><span style="font-size: small;">標竿</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;新細明體&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">波克夏有兩個主要的價值區塊，第一個是我們的投資：股、債和現金。年終時這些資產總值</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1410</span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;新細明體&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">億美元</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(</span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;新細明體&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">尚未計入那些用來支應財務及公共事業營運的部分，這部分我們是用來算第二層價值的</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">)</span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;新細明體&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;新細明體&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">保險浮動帳戶</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> <span lang="EN-US">– </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;新細明體&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">在保險營運中我們暫時握在手中但不屬於我們的錢，提供我們投資</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">590</span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;新細明體&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">億美元的資金。只要核保的部分讓我們損益兩平，這個浮動帳戶對我們來說就是免費的，意思就是我們的保費收入等同於我們產生的損失及費用。核保標準當然是波動的，在獲利跟損失之間擺盪。然而過去歷史顯示，我們一直有在賺錢，而且我們在損失兩平的成果會扳回一城，未來情況也會進步。如果我們這樣做，我們的投資就會會是為是波克夏股東不受阻礙的價值來源。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;新細明體&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">波克夏第二個價值的組成是來自於投資及保險業之外的來源，這些營收來自於</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">66</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;新細明體&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">家非保險業者，在</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">76</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;新細明體&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">頁有逐家列出。早期我們專注在投資相關業務的表現，最近二十年來我們則是將重點放在非保險業務的營收成長上面。</span></p>
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