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	<title>正通投資團隊 - 投資台股的專家 &#187; 外資研究報告</title>
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	<description>以巴菲特的價值投資法為主軸，並透過財務金融的專業知識進行套利加值，守護您的寶貴資產</description>
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		<title>由Buy Side與Sell Side建立閱讀外資研究報告的正確態度</title>
		<link>http://www.twd2u.com/724-31-19.html</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 26 Feb 2009 18:31:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>austin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[外資研究報告]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[未分類]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Buy Side]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sell Side]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[分析師]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[投資銀行]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[研究報告]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.twd2u.com/?p=724</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[一般投資人對於外資或本土券商出具的研究報告，所給予的評價不外乎以下幾種：

由於外資或券商的客戶眾多，因此研究報告具有絕對影響力。
外資經常出報告喊買(或喊賣)，但私底下卻反向... ]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>一般投資人對於外資或本土券商出具的研究報告，所給予的評價不外乎以下幾種：</p>
<ul>
<li>由於外資或券商的客戶眾多，因此研究報告具有絕對影響力。</li>
<li>外資經常出報告喊買(或喊賣)，但私底下卻反向操作，所以他們是市場反指標！</li>
<li>外資分析師或券商研究員，充其量只是公司派或主力的打手，研究報告只是他們的工具罷了！</li>
<li>寫研究報告的分析師或研究員，如果真有這麼厲害，自己賺就好，何必寫出來讓別人一起賺？</li>
<li>研究報告的準確度，要視撰寫者而定，不可以偏蓋全，準確度高的研究報告也不在少數。</li>
</ul>
<p><span id="more-724"></span></p>
<p>持平而論，只有第五項評價是公平與正確的，其餘都是一般投資人常見的錯誤觀念。當然，或許你會不贊同這個論調，正所謂有多少證據說多少話，因此以下我們將提出證據來證明這一點，不過在證明之前，各位必須先對國外的<strong>投資銀行</strong>有基礎的瞭解，才能看懂我們的證據。(本文針對外資分析師的研究報告做說明，內資券商的研究員素質相對於外資分析師有一段差距，其研究報告抄襲外資分析者不在少數，在此我們就不多做說明了)</p>
<p>在美國，法令規定投資銀行不能像一般銀行一樣向民眾吸收存款與放款，因此其業務侷限於為企業提供<span style="color: #993300;">股票發行與經紀</span>、<span style="color: #800000;">債券發行與經紀</span>、<span style="color: #993300;">重整與清算</span>、<span style="color: #993300;">資產管理</span>等服務。在歐洲倒沒有這些限制，因此歐洲的投資銀行要就將上述業務設成一個部門，要就是成立子公司建立防火牆(類似台灣的金控，有商業銀行子公司，也有券商子公司)。</p>
<p>投資銀行爭取到企業發行股票的服務(承銷)後，必須將這批股票分散賣給其它的投資機構(例如投資公司、避險基金、退休基金&#8230;等)或民眾，因此這個時候投資銀行等同於賣方(<strong>Sell Side</strong>)，撰寫研究報告的分析師也被稱為<strong>Sell Side分析師</strong>，後來市場也統稱撰寫研究報告，建議客戶買賣股票，以幫助投資銀行賺取交易手續費的分析師為Sell Side分析師了。</p>
<p><strong>Buy Side</strong>是相對於Sell Side的一個名稱，一家專業的投資機構，不會因為投資銀行建議他們參與某家公司的股票發行就隨便拿錢出來，他們自然也有專業的研究人員，這些研究員或分析師是站在買方的立場來思考是否值得投資，因此他們就是Buy Side分析師。後來市場對於投資銀行中資產管理部門的分析師、投信內部的研究員、避險基金內部的分析師&#8230;.等，統稱為Buy Side分析師。</p>
<p>以下是Buy Side與Sell Side分析師的差異一覽表。</p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="149" valign="top">
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>項目</strong></p>
</td>
<td width="223" valign="top">
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Buy Side分析師</strong></p>
</td>
<td width="186" valign="top">
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Sell Side分析師</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="149" valign="top">是否提供承銷服務</td>
<td width="223" valign="top">No</td>
<td width="186" valign="top">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="149" valign="top">雇主</td>
<td width="223" valign="top">基金公司或專業的投資機構</td>
<td width="186" valign="top">全套服務的投資銀行</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="149" valign="top">研究報告發送對象</td>
<td width="223" valign="top">公司內部人員，不對外發送</td>
<td width="186" valign="top">客戶</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="149" valign="top">與客戶的利益關係</td>
<td width="223" valign="top">緊密結合在一起</td>
<td width="186" valign="top">相對較為鬆散</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>對投資銀行有了初步瞭解後，我們將面臨第一個問題&#8211;投資銀行既然提供幫助企業股票與債券發行的服務，自然某些上市櫃公司就屬於他們的客戶了，然而投資銀行也提供法人與民眾的股票經紀業務(即股票下單買賣服務)，法人與民眾也是他們的客戶了，這二種客戶彼此之間存在著利益上的衝突，投資銀行會偏向哪一邊？舉例來說，某公司打算辦理現金增資發行新股，自然希望股價漲高一點後，認購價格就能高一點，募集來的資金也就多一些了。投資銀行若想討好這個客戶，不就可能讓旗下分析師撰寫<strong>正面的研究報告</strong>，以利承銷前股價的上漲嗎？同樣的投資銀行在面對法人與民眾的這一群客戶時，自然希望對方買賣次數能增加，因為買賣次數越多，代表著投資銀行所收取的手續費收入將越高，不是嗎？此時投資銀行的目標又變成提供<strong>準確與即時</strong>的研究報告了。</p>
<p>第二個問題是從第一個問題衍生出來的，如果投資銀行的經紀業務手續費收入遠高於承銷業務手續費收入時，是否分析師會選擇站在專業投資機構與民眾這一邊，提供準確與即時的研究報告呢？</p>
<p>第三個問題是知名度較高、法人機構票選年度最佳分析師或分析團隊時，得票數較高的分析師，其研究報告的準確度是否會較高？</p>
<p>針對上述三個問題，我們提供 <a href="http://www.twd2u.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/conflicts-of-interest-in-sell-side-research-and-the-moderating-role-of-institutional-investors.pdf">Conflicts of interest in sell-side research and the moderating role of institutional investors</a> 這篇論文給各位參考，它是由 Alexander Ljungqvista, Felicia Marston, Laura T. Starks,<br />
Kelsey D. Wei, Hong Yan 等五位教授共同發表。</p>
<p>這篇論文有以下幾個結論：</p>
<p>1.投資銀行與被追蹤公司間有承銷業務關係時，分析師會傾向發佈較為正面的研究報告，但是不代表準確度會較低，因為實證結果的統計並不顯著。</p>
<p>2.投資銀行市佔率越高、聲譽越好時，研究報告的準確度越高，小型投資銀行利益衝突情況較為嚴重。</p>
<p>3.被追蹤公司若機構法人持股越高，研究報告的準確性將越高。</p>
<p>4.評等較高或較知名的分析師在面對被追蹤公司股價快速上漲或下跌時，較能提供即時修正的研究報告(例如投資評等或目標價)。</p>
<p>5.聲譽較好的投資銀行、知名度較高的分析師，較少壓力去膨脹評論。</p>
<p>6.Buy Side分析師所撰寫的研究報告，總體而言，準確度高於Sell Side分析師。</p>
<p>在實務上有幾個特殊現象，其實都可以用這篇論文的結論來解釋，我直接以實例闡述如下：</p>
<p>1.分析師在針對特定個股撰寫研究報告時，偶而會出現令投資人咋舌的評等與目標價，例如2005年<strong>宏達電</strong>股價衝上1200元之際，多數分析師都發表看好的研究報告，目標價超越1500元者大有人在，隨著宏達電股價的下挫，首先發表宏達電看空言論者是<strong>瑞士信貸</strong>(Credit Suisse)的Felix Rusli，緊接著是<strong>摩根大通</strong>(J.P Morgan)的張凱偉，正因為和市場主流意見相左，事後股價不斷下跌也印證了他們的看法正確，更造就其高知名度。這是功成名就的例子，有沒有失敗的例子呢？當然有，不過我就不點名道姓了，以<strong>友達</strong>為例，2004年中股價從80元最高點一路滑落到跌破40元之際，某美系外資分析師將友達評等從買進直接調降到賣出，目標價直指25元，但友達跌到33元後見底，隨後股價逐步反彈至50元以上。</p>
<p>不可諱言的是&#8230;.市佔率較低的投資銀行或知名度較低的分析師，為了爭取功成名就的機會，偶而會有膨脹評論的研究報告出現，例如目標價在1700元的宏達電，還有上例目標價在25元的友達，身為客戶的投資機構在看到這類研究報告時，極可能採取反向操作，<span style="color: #ff0000;">因此我們會看到某外資喊賣，但實際上該外資卻呈現淨買超的情況，畢竟出報告的是投資銀行的分析師，決定買賣的是投資銀行的客戶，根本是二個不同的個體，可是不清楚狀況的投資人，往往會解讀成外資蓄意出報告要壓低進貨</span>。</p>
<p>2.追蹤台積電的外資分析師，其研究報告的準確度，平均會高於追蹤京元電的分析師，其主要原因就在於上述論文的結論3，同理中鋼與大成鋼在道理上亦然。</p>
<p>3.外資分析師可能對被追蹤公司一路看多，股價下跌一段後突然轉向為看空，這一點經常被投資人所詬病，然而在批評之際，我建議該設身處地的思考對方立場。以科技業與原物料加工業(例如鋼鐵、塑化)為例，其景氣與接單狀況本來就處在很不穩定的狀態，尖型反轉時有所見，這種產業與公司，要預估其獲利自然有其困難度，失誤就在所難免了，國內的投資人總是在尋找像神一樣的分析師，遇到是人不是神的分析師時，也就給予極差的評價了，況且，閱讀報告的專業投資機構，是以投資組合決定獲利率，準確度高的分析師，就算少數一二篇研究報告失誤，也不會影響整體的評價，不像國內投資人喜歡單押個股，投資失利時總是將責任歸責於他人，這一點大家宜自我檢討改進。</p>
<p>本文希望給讀者一個正確的觀念，對人對事的批評，宜以整體且中立的角度觀之，而且不應該只透過看電視或報紙的方式，來瞭解外資分析師對個別公司的評價，如同論文中的結論，研究報告的準確度高低，其實與投資銀行聲譽、分析師知名度、個股的機構法人持股高低有關，單看電視或報紙來得知外資的態度，是見樹不見林的方式，最好的辦法是直接閱讀該份研究報告，仔細瞭解全部內容，不合理或不合邏輯的評價方式與內容，自然無須採信，如果該份研究報告的內容完整又合乎邏輯道理，可供參考的價值自然較高了。</p>

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		<title>Taiwan LED Sector Research (LED產業 億光 晶電 研究報告)</title>
		<link>http://www.twd2u.com/130-01-32.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.twd2u.com/130-01-32.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 23 Sep 2008 14:01:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>austin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[外資研究報告]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[投資觀念]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DCF]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[LED]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[價值投資法]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[億光]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[巴菲特]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[晶電]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[研究報告]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[費雪]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.twd2u.com/?p=130</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Lower TP(Target Price) to factor in 2009 earnings
Lower TP to factor in 09E earnings decline despite capex discipline
With LED oversupply concerns in 2009, we project 2009E gross margin of Epistar could retreat to 21.1% from the estimated 23.2% in 2008. ... ]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Lower TP(Target Price) to factor in 2009 earnings<br />
Lower TP to factor in 09E earnings decline despite capex discipline</p>
<p>With <strong>LED</strong> <strong>oversupply</strong> concerns in 2009, we project 2009E gross margin of <strong>Epistar</strong> could retreat to 21.1% from the estimated 23.2% in 2008. Similarly we project Everlight’s 2009E gross margin could decline to<br />
25.3% from the estimated 27% in 2008.</p>
<p><span id="more-130"></span></p>
<p>Thus, Epistar’s and Everlight’s 2009 <strong>EPS</strong> are estimated to decline by 14% y-y and 22% y-y to <strong>TWD</strong> 1.63 and TWD 3.53, respectively. We believe the market will gradually factor in their downward EPS trend. Hence, we reset Epistar’s target price based on 2009 earnings at TWD 35.80 (22x 2009E EPS), representing a 13% downside and Everlight’s TP at TWD 58.20 (16.5x 2009E EPS), 16% downside. We reiterate REDUCE on both counters; however, with capex discipline on the cards, supply growth could shrink to 52% y-y in 2008 and 28% y-y in 2009 vs. original estimation of 75% y-y and 45% y-y, respectively. This would imply the sector could be able to recover from oversupply earlier than expected.</p>
<p>1H09 oversupply view persists; to hurt their profitability<br />
The LED global capacity has expanded since 2007 throughout 2008, supply rose 89% y-y and 75% y-y, respectively. We expect a 45% y-y rise in global capacity in 2009 while growth in demand is only at 42% y-y<br />
and 37% y-y in 2008 and 2009, respectively. We therefore reiterate our oversupply view in 2009 and project LED price could drop by 35% in 2009 and sabotage Epistar’s and Everlight’s 2009 profitability. Epistar’s<br />
2009E EPS is projected to drop by 14% to TWD 1.63 from 2008E’s TWD 1.90. Although Everlight’s 2009E sales could rise 13% y-y, its 2009E EPS could drop to TWD 3.53 (from 2008E’s TWD4.50).</p>
<p>Signs of easing in capacity expansion<br />
Based on our recent channel checks, we are surprised to hear LED upstream makers considering postponing the MOCVD equipment moviein schedule to 2009 or even cancelling some MOCVD tools purchase orders. The total 2008 MOCVD tool installation in Taiwan may be lowered to 60-70 units from 90-100 units in 2008. If Taiwan LED makers stick to capex discipline, global supply growth could decline to 52% y-y in 2008 and 28% y-y in 2009, while we estimate global growth in demand of 42% y-y in 2008 and 37% y-y in 2009. Thus, oversupply could recover earlier than expected.</p>
<p>以上是法國巴黎銀行(The BNP Paribas Angle)所出具對台灣LED產業的研究報告！</p>
<p>其中<strong>Epistar</strong>就是<strong>晶電</strong>(2448)，而<strong>Everlight</strong>就是<strong>億光</strong>(2393)，從該份研究報告中我們看到，由於LED產業的超額供給情況將持續到2009年，因此預估晶電的毛利率將由08年的23.2%下滑到21.1%，億光的毛利率則是從27%下滑到25.3%，他們的EPS預估將較08年衰退14%與22%，分別降低到TWD 1.63元與TWD 3.53元 (TWD為Taiwan Dollar的簡稱，即為新台幣，亦有以NTD表示，因為NTD即為 New Taiwan Dollar的簡稱)。BNP給予晶電與億光的投資評等(Rating)為降低持股(Reduce)，目標價分別是TWD 35.8元(22x 2009E EPS)與TWD 58.2元(16.5x 2009E EPS)。</p>
<p>相較於8/4 BNP給億光與晶電的目標價(71.8元與54.1元)而言，此次下調目標價的幅度達18.9%與33.8%，時間相隔僅約1個半月！如果我們把時間再拉回到更早的6/12，根據我手邊BNP同一位分析人員(Skye Chen)的報告指出，當時建議億光與晶電的目標價在73元與128元，與今天的35.8及58.2元相比較，<strong>短短三個月的時間，目標價降幅達51%與54.5%，相當令人訝異的差距。</strong></p>
<p>為什麼會有如此驚人的差距？難道LED產業景氣反轉速度如此之外，三個月前是接單暢旺供不應求，三個月後變成供給過剩？當然不可能，廠房要擴建、機器設備要購置與安裝、正式生產前要試俥，光是生產前的預備動作就至少要半年以上了，不是嗎？</p>
<p><strong><span style="color: #ff0000;">其實主要問題出在對於公司與產業的預期</span></strong>。LED是個變化極大的產業，新技術與新製程不斷的出現，半年前的明星產品在半年後可能充斥於市場中，一年後反而變成極為普遍的產品了(例如白光LED)。也因為這樣的產業特性，一旦明星產品問世後，市場與分析人員會有過度樂觀的預期，例如LED應用於照明設備、面板(TFT LCD)背光源&#8230;等應用層面，在2008年上半年就被市場宣揚的沸沸騰騰，似乎前景一片光明，根本找不到一片烏雲。</p>
<p>就簡單的供需層面來看LED產業的話，在供給面的部分，由於擁有技術專利的日本與歐洲廠商，會視情況調整授權廠商的數量，這將會把製造風險轉嫁給沒有專利但有生產能力的廠商，再加上取得授權後的廠商，要擴充生產規模的困難度並不高，因此供給面是呈現難以估計的狀況。至於需求面的情況也是如此，超高亮度的白光LED雖然應用層面廣泛，但是成本依舊居高不下，相較於傳統的照明設備來說，相對價格的部分，仍無法達到吸引消費者全面換購的需求，這使得需求面出現曲高和寡的狀況，大家對於LED應用層面的預期縱使樂觀，但是根本無法準確估計未來一個年度的可能需求。</p>
<p>然而需求面過度樂觀的預期，總是抵擋不了時間的驗證，隨著獲利數字一季一季的出爐，市場與分析人員不斷修正預估獲利，也因此目標價會一再地調降。下圖是億光與晶電的歷史本益比與股價淨值比：</p>
<p><a href="http://www.twd2u.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/led.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-131" title="led" src="http://www.twd2u.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/led.jpg" alt="" width="663" height="538" /></a></p>
<p>從上圖看晶電(Epistar)，2005～2007年的EPS其實變化不大，但是股價卻從低於40元大漲至180元，億光的EPS也不過從2005年的5.04元成長到2007年的6.55元，EPS在這二年間的成長率是30%，但是股價卻是從30元漲到160元左右。</p>
<p>從圖上我們看到了晶電曾經出現高於40倍本益比與8倍股價淨值比的情況，就算連續三年該公司EPS都呈現每年30%的高成長，超過40倍本益比的情況也不太合理，更何況晶電與億光都沒有這種高成長的歷史紀錄。</p>
<p>無論外資或本土券商的研究報告，其實都是遵循<strong>費雪</strong>(Philip Fisher)的定性分析原則，<span style="color: #ff0000;">費雪認為僅僅閱讀公司財務報告並不足以判斷是否應該投資，而應盡可能地從熟悉該公司的人士獲取第一手資訊，此種方式已成爲目前基金經理人選股前的必備條件。</span></p>
<p>問題就出在第一手資訊是否屬於正確的判斷？！在此我們先不考慮蓄意釋放的假消息，都將第一手資訊視為真實呈現，然而資訊的來源出自於公司內部，而供給過剩的原因則來自於多數廠商大幅度擴產，換言之，廠商因為看好未來發產，所以大幅度擴產，未料到供給大幅度增加後，需求增加的狀況並不如預期，結果導致供給過剩的情況，在廠商錯誤判斷之際，分析人員從廠商那裡取回了錯誤的第一手資訊，結果造成了錯誤的獲利預估與價值研判。</p>
<p>上述的情況經常發生在供需變動幅度大的產業身上，尤其是高科技產業，這也告訴了我們一件事，<strong><span style="color: #ff0000;">就算你不是價值投資者，也不要輕易投資於不穩定的產業與公司</span></strong>，縱使市場對於該產業與公司未來的前景十分樂觀。在此我們強調的不穩定指的是產業的供需狀態與公司的獲利狀態，而且就算獲利大幅度成長，他所代表的依舊是不穩定，因為大成長的背後隱含著大衰退的可能。</p>
<p><strong>巴菲特</strong>在2000年網路泡沫發生前，因為一直沒投資科技股，甚至被知名雜誌撰文譏笑巴菲特已經落伍，結果網路泡沫被戳破後，市場才再度發現&#8230;.原來<strong>價值投資法</strong>是唯一經的起長時間考驗的投資方式。</p>
<p>同樣的狀況也發生在中國，巴菲特在2003年以每股1.6～1.7港元的價位購入<strong>中石油</strong>H股，2007年七月開始減持，經過七次減持後，約在14.5港元清倉中石油，結果中石油的股價一路漲過20港元，當時中國媒體與網友就曾經不斷表示，價值投資法不一定適用在中國，而股神巴菲特也會在中國股市錯看行情！經過了短短三個月，中石油的股價跌落到10港元以下，現在只剩8.35港元。</p>
<p><span style="color: #ff0000;">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;以下為10.13.2008更新內容&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;</span></p>
<p>Taiwan: Technology: Hardware &#8211; Electronic Components</p>
<p>Excitement on LED-backlit NB realistic? Sell Epistar into strength</p>
<p>Major PC OEMs intend to scale up LED-backlit notebooks<br />
Our US tech team believes that the trend toward LED backlighting could accelerate in 1H09, as both Dell and HP are considering following Apple’s product strategy of moving to LED backlighting for “up-specing”. Dell<br />
plans to have at least 80% of its notebook (NB) models equipped with LED backlighting by end-2009.</p>
<p>Market expectations of LED NB penetration revised downward<br />
We take a more conservative view on the penetration rate of LED NB in the next 12 months. So far, LED backlighting has been mainly equipped in higher-end NBs. With the current weak economic environment hampering consumer spending, demand for these products has been affected. Our channel checks with major Taiwanese backlight makers suggest that the LED:CCFL backlight ratio in NBs was about 1:10 in 3Q08 and they expect this to rise to 1.5:10 in 4Q08, excluding mini-notes. This is lower than market expectations and some panel makers’ forecasts of 20%-25% by end-2008.</p>
<p>Taiwanese LED makers may not be beneficiaries<br />
In our view, rising adoption of LED backlighting in NBs will benefit industry leaders such as Nichia and Toyoda Gosei, and we do not expect Taiwanese LED companies to benefit from this trend. In the absence of<br />
adequate patent protection, we believe Taiwanese LED upstream players’ opportunity will lie in receiving outsourcing orders from other leading LED players, rather than “direct” business from PC OEMs.</p>
<p>Sell into strength on high LED NB market expectations<br />
Epistar(晶電 ; 2448) and Everlight(億光 ; 2393) currently trade at 17.4X/11.4X 2009E P/E, respectively, a premium to other Taiwanese technology stocks at 9.9X. We remain on the sidelines for Everlight and would reduce positions in Epistar shares on the back of a potential share price spike on recent higher seasonal demand and high market expectations for LED-backlit NB demand. We retain our Sell rating on Epistar with 12-month DCF-based TP of NT$36.9 (implying 19% downside) and a Neutral rating on Everlight with 12-month DCF-based TP of NT$67.8.</p>
<p>Risk<br />
Better-than-expected demand in LED end-markets, more stable price trend and an earlier-than-expected global economic recovery.</p>
<p>以上為高盛對於LED產業的研究報告摘要，該報告中肯定LED背光源在NB的滲透率會提高，但是台灣廠商將無法直接受惠，只能由Nichia 、Toyoda Gosei 的轉單而接到部分訂單。而且晶電與億光相對於其他台灣科技股而言，目前的P/E存在著明顯的溢價現象(尤其是晶電)，因此維持晶電的賣出評等，12個月的目標價訂在36.9元，億光則為中立評等，12個月的目標價訂在67.8元 [以<strong>DCF</strong> (Discounted Cash Flow ; 現金流量折現) 模式評價]。</p>
<p><span style="color: #800000;">10/31 更新 晶電2448 研究報告</span></p>
<p><strong>Epistar Corp. (晶電 2448) - Merrill Lynch Research</strong></p>
<p>3Q results far below expectations, Underperform</p>
<p>We retain our negative view on TWN LED sector and our Underperform on Epistar with a PO of NT$27 (0.8x 09E P/B) as we believe risk/reward remains unattractive. The share price has underperformed TAIEX 25% YTD, but we see further de-rating risk after shockingly poor 3Q results and believe high valuations are not justified by the weak fundamentals.</p>
<p>PS：晶電在10月30日公布季報，今年第三季平均毛利率由上季的20%以上，大幅滑落到16.8%左右，第三季單季營業利益9800多萬元，單季稅後淨利8300餘萬元，單季每股稅後盈餘0.11元。累計今年前三季營業利益6.1億元，稅後淨利5.96億元，前三季每股稅後盈餘0.94元，較去年同期的2.95元大幅衰退。主因是產品組合調整效益不彰。</p>
<p><strong><span style="color: #ff0000;">12/28 新增</span></strong></p>
<p><strong>Everlight Electronics Co., Ltd. (億光 2393) &#8211; Merrill Lynch Investment Research</strong></p>
<p>Headwinds persist , Underperform</p>
<p>PO cut to NT$36 to on weak fundamentals, Underperform<br />
We reiterate Underperform on Everlight and lower 08/09E earnings by 5%/41% to reflect softening near-term fundamentals and weakening 09 outlook. We cut PO from NT$44 to NT$36, implying 1.25x PBV or 13.6x 09E, and expect street to have to further lower forecasts. Our checks confirm that 4Q is decelerating rapidly, while 09 visibility remains low amidst an increasingly cautious tone.</p>
<p>4Q sales down ~15% QoQ; GPM remain flat on better mix<br />
Mgmt guided 4Q sales to decline ~15% QoQ, implying Dec sales to drop another 20% MoM. Utilization rate is falling (60% in 4Q vs 70% in 3Q) due to slowing end demand, but mgmt expects GPM will remain flat due to better high-end handset LEDs (ML 25.2% vs 26.3% in 3Q and earnings decline of 20% QoQ, 50% YoY).</p>
<p><strong><span style="color: #ff0000;">2009 02/25 新增</span></strong></p>
<p><strong>Everlight Electronics Co., Ltd. (億光 2393) &#8211; Goldman Sachs Research</strong></p>
<p>Neo Neon profit warning: Negative implication for LED supply chain</p>
<p>Neo Neon (1868.HK; NC), the world’s largest LED decorative lighting maker, on January 9 announced a profit warning suggesting considerably lower net profit in 2008 than 2007. We note that 1H08 net profit grew 30% yoy, which implies likely very weak 2H08 results. We believe this echoes our view that consumer-oriented LED products are experiencing severe pressure in this downturn. Moreover, we now believe it is possible that Everlight may book a non-operating loss in 4Q08 (equity investment loss and write-off of convertible bond revaluation gains from previous quarters), which would pose downside risk to our estimates and consensus. Reiterate Sell.</p>
<p><strong>Epistar Corp. (晶電 2448) - Goldman Sachs Research</strong></p>
<p>Wider-than-expected 4Q08 loss a near-term negative; reiterate Sell</p>
<p>We expect Epistar to be loss-making in 4Q08 for the first time in the past four years. With utilization sliding to &lt;50% in Dec and likely continuing to trend lower in Jan (&lt;30%), the bottom line will remain under pressure in 1Q09. Moreover, we are concerned that Epistar may recognize significant losses from inventory write-offs during 4Q08/1Q09 given falling ASP, unexpected order cancellations, and adoption of SFAS No. 10. We expect a 4Q08 net loss of NT$437mn vs. consensus ranging from NT$312mn profit to NT$86mn loss. Despite recent share price resilience on possible restocking demand, the weak 4Q08 earnings and dull 1H09 outlook will be negative surprises for the market.</p>
<p><strong><span style="color: #ff0000;">06/23 2009 新增</span></strong></p>
<p>Taiwan LED Sector - Morgan Stanley Research</p>
<p>LED Monthly Tracker: June Update and Opto Taiwan 2009 Takeaways</p>
<p>Quick Comment: Share price downside outweighs upside. Most LED supply chains are cautiously positive<br />
on the outlook in 2H with multiple applications in sight, but end demand strength remains unclear. Given that share price is highly correlated to monthly revenue trend, we expect greater profit-taking pressure owing to muted June, plus increasing fund-raising plans in 2H are an overhang (e.g., Epistar). Expectations that there could be a price hike for high-brightness LEDs, although unlikely, may trigger selling along with intensifying competition from new entrants, i.e., panel giants and TSMC. We remain Cautious on TW LED.</p>

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		<title>Taiwan NB/MB Food Chain Check</title>
		<link>http://www.twd2u.com/41-23-42.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.twd2u.com/41-23-42.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 15 Sep 2008 16:23:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>austin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[外資研究報告]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Acer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aspire One]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Asus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Eee PC]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Low Priced NB]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[宏碁]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[研究報告]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[華碩]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Strong Growth in Sept in Sight, But Limited Visibility for 4Q
Aug. NB shipments disappoint — Top-5 NB ODMs&#8217; Aug. shipments came in lower than market&#8217;s expectations with 6% MoM decline as some shipments were pushed out to Sept and 4Q. Among ... ]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: left;">Strong Growth in Sept in Sight, But Limited Visibility for 4Q</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Aug. NB shipments disappoint — Top-5 NB ODMs&#8217; Aug. shipments came in lower than market&#8217;s expectations with 6% MoM decline as some shipments were pushed out to Sept and 4Q. Among the top-5, Inventec outperformed with Aug. shipments up 17% MoM, while Compal and Wistron Aug. shipments down<br />
15% MoM. Quanta&#8217;s Aug shipments dropped by a milder 6% MoM thanks to rising shipments of Acer&#8217;s Aspire One.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span id="more-41"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Quanta&#8217;s monthly revenue YoY drop triggered false alarm — We think market over-reacted to Quanta&#8217;s single month revenue YoY decline. Quanta&#8217;s Aug 07 revenue rose by 22% MoM due to strong NB and iPod shipments to Apple. However, as Apple delayed launch schedule of new NB models in 08, we may need to wait until Sept to see Quanta resume revenue momentum.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Strong momentum in Sept with an estimated 22% MoM growth— We believe supply constraint on IMR plastic casings remains a swing factor for 3Q/4Q shipments. We note that end demand shifts toward low-priced NB/Netbook while shipments of high priced models are slow. If we exclude shipments of Netbook, we see 3Q conventional NB shipments growing by 14% QoQ, vs. 20- 36% QoQ growth in the past 5 years.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Netbook and low priced NBs likely the main growth drivers for 4Q — We estimate 4Q NB shipments from the top-5 NB ODMs could grow by 15% QoQ while Netbook could account for 11% of 4Q total shipments. If we exclude Netbook shipments, 4Q conventional NB shipments could grow by only 11% QoQ, vs. 13-25% QoQ growth in the past 5 years. In EMEA markets, enddemand for NB began to improve slightly from mid August. However, we have yet to see signs of a strong recovery from China. We may need to wait until early Oct. for a clearer 4Q outlook for Taiwan NB ODMs.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">No positive signs for motherboard demand — MB makers generally expect 0- 10% MoM growth in Sept. and have indicated that demand from the clone market remains weak with pricing pressure in mid to low end segments.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Our top pick: Acer — Due to limited visibility on end-demand, share prices of Taiwan NB ODMs could be weak near term despite valuations that look appealing after recent sharp price corrections. Among the NB names, we most prefer Acer given cost synergies, continuous market share gains, promising growth from Aspire One, and potential for op. margin expansion.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">這是花旗在9/11/2008所出具的研究報告摘要！</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">台灣的電子工業發展至今，能夠擁有品牌的公司屬於少數中的少數，上從晶圓代工，下至NB組裝，絕大多數都無法擁有品牌！以NB產業來說，台灣廠商的全球市佔率超越了八成，但是&#8230;.能有品牌的也只有宏碁Acer與華碩Asus這二家而已。</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">品牌屬於構築進入障礙的重要環節，擁有品牌就擁有進入障礙，也擁有較高的毛利率，而當大環境不佳時，毛利率較高的公司才有較大的生存空間。花旗會在 NB Food Chain 中首選宏碁，主要是著眼以下三點：</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">1. 宏碁與華碩在後奧運時期，確實搶佔了大陸市場不少佔有率，連大陸本土品牌聯想的市佔率也被他們二家侵蝕了。</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">2. 宏碁擁有全球品牌的知名度</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">3. 宏碁的企業反應速度極快</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">以 Low Priced NBs 而言，原本宏碁是不看好華碩的Eee PC，但是Eee PC一推出後全球熱賣，宏碁趕緊搶推Aspire One (其實早就做好準備工作了)，今年Eee PC的預估銷售量為600～650萬台，Aspire One雖然推出時程落後Eee PC，但是今年的預估銷售量仍高達500萬台。</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">雖然Eee PC推出之際，王振堂發表看衰言論，但是講歸講、做歸做，情境上Eee PC有二種，一是熱賣、二是市場反應冷淡，宏碁預估是後者，但是仍準備好熱賣時的應對策略，這就是事前的規劃完整與事後的反應速度，商場上的競爭力不就是如此而已嗎？</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">2008年宏碁除了要重返美國市場外，還要大筆進軍中國市場，它在這二個市場的成效如何，倒是頗值得期待，至少我對王振堂用人的眼光與蔣凡可．蘭奇經營管理的能力，還頗有信心的。</p>

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